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This research presents a method of creating seepage barriers in a sandy soil using biopolymer additives (biosubstance), which consist of polysaccharides and water. Polysaccharides strongly interact with water to produce a viscous suspension. The paper aims to investigate the infl uence of a biosubstance employed in a highly permeable sandy soil. Amount of the biopolymer used in a sample were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%, by dry weight. The test results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity signifi cantly decrease with the amount of biosubstance added but only slightly increase when curing time gets longer. It is thought that such application, which is a relatively new soil improvement technique, could be used as a seepage barrier installation required to protect some geotechnical works including foundation, underground structures and waste disposals.
Introduction and objective. As the autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is present in course of many disorders, an objective assessment of the ANS function is very important. In practice, the assessment is difficult, and based rather on indirect analysis of autonomically-controlled cardiovascular reflexes, than on direct recording of activity of central or peripheral autonomic structures. The aim of our paper was to discuss briefly current, clinical and scientific ANS investigations, as well as possible future methods of autonomic activity evaluation. A brief description of the state of knowledge. The review presents a short outline of autonomic function assessments based on clinical autonomic tests (e.g. “Ewing’s battery”) and discusses the heart rate variability (HRV) study, as currently popular and widespread option of analysis of the ANS activity. Other, complementary methods, including the baroreceptor sensitivity testing, microneurography or plasma norepinephrine measurement were also mentioned. The article also provides premises related to the determination of selected neuropeptides in plasma or saliva as an innovative concept of autonomic activity assessment. Summary. The available, clinical, non-invasive methods used for assessment of the ANS function are still relatively sparse and, in fact, a surrogate for direct ANS assessment. New methods of autonomic tension determination are still needed that would allow a more complete and reliable assessment. Reports of potential new laboratory markers of the ANS activity (NPY and VIP assay) bring some hope.
After the withdrawal of Fumagillin, there is no drug which is sufficiently effective against nosema disease. Therefore, intensive research is conducted in order to find new nosemacides. Microsporidia from the genus Nosema are regarded one of the causes of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Hence, any new compound that may be useful in the nosemathosis treatment may be of great importance for veterinary practice. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a nanosilver-supplemented diet on worker-bee longevity and on the level of worker-bee infection with Nosema spp. in honeybees in cage tests. The diet supplemented with 25 ppm of nanosilver decreased the number of nosema spores. Therefore the compound might be considered as useful in the nosemosis disease therapy. On the other hand, in experiment I, supplementation of the syrup with 25 ppm of nanosilver significantly shortened worker-bees’ lifespan. This, however, was not observed in experiment II. Honeybees fed with syrup supplemented with 25 ppm of nanosilver consumed the greatest amounts of the syrup. Moreover, bees fed with syrup supplemented with 12.5 and 25 ppm of nanosilver exhibited increasing contents of silver in their bodies.
After the withdrawal of fumagillin, there is no effective drug against Nosema disease in the EU. Therefore, intensive research is conducted in order to find new nosemacides. Probiotic microorganisms compete with pathogenic microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. This competition involves adhesion to the intestinal epithelium, which leads to greater availability and utilisation of nutrients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a probiotic supplement in the apian diet on the mortality and food ingestion of honeybees, and especially on the course of Nosema spp. infestation. In experiments 1 and 2, the addition of the probiotic caused an increase in the Nosema spp. infection in the summer and winter honeybees. A special probiotic dedicated to the apian diet should be developed.
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