Postoperative adhesion formation is a natural consequence of injured tissue surfaces (following incision, cauterization, suturing, or other means of trauma) fusing together to form scar tissue. Peritoneal adhesions are fibrous bands of tissues formed between organs that are normally separated and/or between organs and the internal body wall after peritoneal injury. Adhesions may cause subsequent serious sequels, including: small bowel obstruction, chronic abdominal and pelvic pain which require difficult reoperative surgery. A good surgical technique is a good injury minimalizing method and a crucial part of adhesion prevention, but technique alone cannot effectively eliminate adhesions. Although a variety of different products for preventing adhesions is available, no universal method has been developed so far. This review article will introduce the pathophysiology of adhesion formation in the peritoneal cavity. And it will also review the current methods for adhesion prevention, e.g. fluids, gels, mechanical barriers and others pharmaceuticals.
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