Goat’s milk, despite its similarity to cow’s milk in chemical composition, shows a significant difference in terms of the structure and composition of the fat. Milk fat globules in goat’s milk, with an approximate size of 2.76 µm (ranging from 0.73 to 8.58 µm), are smaller than those in cow’s milk, in which their size is approximately 3.51 µm (ranging from 0.92 to 15.75 µm). Moreover, goat’s milk is characterized by a generally lower cholesterol level (16.90 - 18.09 mg/100 g milk) than cow’s milk (25.60-31.40 mg/100 g of milk). Compared to cow’s milk fat, goat’s milk fat contains 54.6% more of C6:0, 69.9% more of C8:0, 80.2% more of C10:0, and 56.3% more of CLA, but 75% less of C4:0. Nutrition is an important factor modifying the fatty acid profile of goat’s milk. Pasture feeding, compared with green forage feeding, exerts a positive influence on the proportion of n6/n3 fatty acids and increases the content of the fatty acids C18:1 t6-11, C18:1 t12-14 + c6-8, C18:1 c14 + t16, C18:2 t11c15, and C18:2 c9t13 + t8c12, as well as that of the isomers CLA c9t11 + t7c9 + t8c10 and t11c13 + c9c11. Goats fed higher doses of concentrate (65%) produced milk with higher contents of C4:0 and C6:0 fatty acids and a significantly higher content of C18:0 and all trans C18 fatty acid, i.e. C18:1, C18:2 c9, t11. The addition of rapeseed results in a higher content of C18:0, vaccenic acid C18:1 t11 and some of cis C18 fatty acids (C18:1 c9, C18:2 c9,t11 and C18:3 c9,c12,c15). Goats fed corn silage produced milk containing more of the following fatty acids: C16:1ɷ7, C17:0, C18:1ɷ9 and C20:0. The study also showed the effect of various feed additives, such as garlic oil, on the fatty acid profile. An increased amount of garlic oil in the diet was followed by a reduction in non-esterified fatty acids (including C14:0, C15:0 and C16:0) and a proportional increase in C18 fatty acids, both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, mainly CLA c9, t11 and CLA c12, t10. The fatty acid composition of goat’s milk is therefore not constant, as it depends mainly on the fodder content. It should be noted, however, that pasture feeding is the easiest and cheapest feeding system, which increases the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including CLA.
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