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The analysis was performed on 754 Polish black-and-white sires bom in the period 1970 - 1980. Three age categories (1 year, 3 and 5 years) were considered. Hertability coefficients, genetic and phenotypic correlations were calculated according to the Harveys model Genetic and phenotypic correlations between body weight and the most commonly used body measurements were calculated between the sires aging 1 year and 3 years, 1 year and 5 years, 3 years and 5 years. Low heritability roefficiens occurred in case of body weight and in most body measurements at the age of 1 year, excluding sacrum height (h²=0,66) and width of forechest (h²=0,68). Value of heritability coefficients increased significantly at the age of 3 and 5 years. No significant correlation between body weight at the age of 1 year and 3 years and 1 year and 5 years has been found. Correlation between the same body measurements performed in these periods was also low. High genetic and phenotypic correlations of the body weight and the body measurements at the age of 3 and 5 years have been proved. Results of this study suggest that selection for performance traits should take place when sires reach the age of 3 years.
The aim of the study was to estimate genetic parameters (heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations) of conformation traits in primiparous cows of Black and White and Red and White breeds. Records of conformation scores of 7,814 cows born between 19931996 were analyzed in order to estimate genetic parameters for 11 traits of conformation. The cows of Black and White (n = 2240) and Red and White (n = 4574) breeds were kept in 139 herds in the Śląsk Opolski region. Genetic parameters were estimated using an animal model and DFREML computer package. Estimated heritability ranged from 0.58 (capacity) to 0.06 (chest circumference). The highest genetic correlations were found between the total score and udder (0.81), capacity (0.91), and type and conformation (0.91). High genetic correlations were also found between linear traits of udder (fore udder attachment, udder depth) and the udder score (0.78 and 0.45, respectively). The results obtained indicated considerable differences between the analyzed breeds as far as correlations between traits are concerned.
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