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Evaluation of the degree of contamination of diary products with potentially pathogenic fungal strains. Materials for the study were: yoghurt, cottage cheese, homogenised cottage cheese, cream and buttermilk. Differentiation of species was based on their morphological features and biochemical properties (API 20 C bioMerieux). Among 300 studied diary products we have isolated 100 (33,0±2,72%) strains of yeast-like fungi. Diary products were contamined with 19 species of fungi from types: Candida, Geotrichum, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Rhodotorula. The highest percentage of fungi was seen in cream (95,7±4,23%), cottage cheese (87,9±5,68%) and kefir (60,0±15,5%). In other studied products the frequency ranged from 13, 1±2,54% to 35,2±6,51 %. Among the isolated fungi the following species prevailed: Geotrichum candidum (18,0±3,84%), Candida lusitaniae (15,0±3,57%) and C. inconspicua (11,0±3,13%).
Contamination of bovine-derived bioproducts with pestiviruses, in particular with bovine viral diarrhea virus, creates a risk of infection for animals and even for humans. Owing to the worldwide spread of pestivirus infections in cattle population, many biological products based on materials derived from cattle or from their tissues are contaminated with this pathogen or contain the viral RNA. Contamination of fetal bovine serum (FBS) by BVDV is an intra-laboratory problem that hinders the diagnostics of infections caused by related viruses, such as classical swine fever virus (CSFV) or hepatitis C (HCV) in humans. Furthermore, vaccines, hormones or other bioproducts used in animals and humans may be contaminated with the virus. The article describes numerous examples of transmission of virulent pestiviruses to susceptible populations through the use of contaminated animal bioproducts.
Contaminations of in vitro cell cultures constitute a serious threat to research. Infected cell lines may negatively influence the results of experiments, as well as expose the researchers to problems associated with the termination of the culture and decontamination of the laboratory. This paper presents the most common types of contaminations in experiments based on animal cell cultures. The key sign that may indicate infection is a decreased viability of the cell line and, in many cases, destruction of the cells. Depending on the type of infection, specific signs can be observed, and different methods for the detection of the infectious agent can be applied. Typical contaminations include bacterial and viral infections, sprouting fungal and yeasts cultures, or the presence of mycoplasma, endotoxin, protozoa, and invertebrates. In some cases, cross-contamination may occur, in which a cell culture is infected by another cell line. The main source of contaminations is an inappropriate implementation of good laboratory practices by laboratory personnel, as well as the use of nonsterile reagents, plasticware and CO₂ incubators. The most common method of fighting cell line infections is the elimination of the infected cell culture and decontamination of the laboratory. In working with cell cultures, it is necessary to observe the rules of sterile work and to know the sources and signs of infection to effectively mitigate the threat.
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