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The purpose of this study was to trace the histological structure of the transverse ligament of the knee and its relation to the inferior lateral genicular artery. Investigations were carried out on 20 lower limbs (10 males, and 10 females) from the Department of Anatomy. It was found that close to the attachment of the transverse ligament to the menisci, bundles of fibres pass in vertical, oblique and horizontal directions, occupying a wide area on the anterior margin of the menisci. These fibres intermingle with bundles of the fibrocartilage of the menisci. In the area of the lateral attachment the inferior lateral genicular artery passes anteriorly to the transverse ligament, giving off numerous branches to the ligament. The medial part of the transverse ligament presents a thick rounded structure, surrounded by loose connective tissue. The fibres are arranged irregularly in bundles running horizontally on a tortuous course and with single spindle-like cells with darkly stained nuclei. The cells are not found at the ends of the ligament. Numerous blood vessels are observed between the bundles of fibres and on the periphery of the ligament.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the occurrence of variants of anomalous insertions of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus in human knee joints. The study was carried out on 78 human lower limbs of both sexes (42 males and 36 females). Out of 78 knee joints, 10 knee joints (12.82%) presented atypical attachments of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. In 9 cases we found that the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was attached to the transverse ligament of the knee and in 1 case it was attached to the coronary ligament. In the remaining cases the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was attached to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia.
Background. The injury to medial meniscotibial ligament (MTL) is a cause of pain in the medial articulatio genus which is rarely discussed in the literature. The paper examines the effectiveness of deep transverse friction massage (DTFM) in the treatment of injury to the medial meniscus-tibial ligament in a female football player. Material and methods. A case study concerned a patient ( 22 years old) who is a football player on the position of striker. She has been complaining about the pain in the right, medial articulatio genus for five days. Deep transverse friction massage (DTFM) was applied in the treatment. A total of 9 procedures was conducted (3 times a week) throughout three weeks. The first DTFM session lasted 2 minutes and the time was systematically extended during further sessions until it reached 15 minutes. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), modified Laitinen Pain Questionnaire and countermovement jump test (CMJ) on the dynamometric platform were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. Results. Having completed the treatment, a decrease of pain measured by the means of VAS and Laitinen Pain Questionnaire was reported. There was also improvement in limb symmetry index in all phases of the test carried out on the dynamometric platform. Conclusions. The results demonstrate that DTFM may be an effective method of treatment for MTL injuries. Conducting further research on a bigger study group is necessary.
Investigations were carried out on 43 serially sectioned human embryos of developmental stages 18 to 23. The homogenous interzone of the future knee joint is observed in embryos at stage 18. During stage 19 this interzone is differentiated into dense, intensively stained, peripheral parts, which are the primordia of menisci and the medial portion, in which the cruciate ligaments are formed. All structures of the interior of the knee joint are more clearly delineated during stage 20, and they are well developed during the last embryonic week (stages 21–23).
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