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In the reproduction of animals and humans, insulin-like factors (IGF-I , IGF-II) play a significant role. Among others, they stimulate growth of the ovarian follicle, embryo development, egg implantation and they inhibit cell apoptosis. In horses the implantation process and placenta development is partly regulated by IGF-I and IGF-II. Research was conducted on 18 mares during early pregnancy. The study has revealed the existence of some differences in the level of IGF-I and IGF-II. A significant increase of IGF-I in comparison to the preovulation period (311 ng/ml) was noted 12 h after ovulation (356 ng/ml), 72 h (328 ng/ml), 7 days (340 ng/ml) and at 35 (344 ng/ml) and at 55 (360 ng/ml) days of gestation. The concentration of IGF-II also increased but only at the 6th day after ovulation. The concentration of IGF-II before ovulation was 4.8 ng/ml and up until the 6 days after ovulation it ranged from 8.2 to 9.6 ng/ml. The differences in the levels of IGF-I and IGF-II before and after ovulation and during the pregnancy could result from the activation of an embryo genome and from the preparation of endometrium for implantation.
The aim of the study was to present clinical observations regarding the reposition of uterine torsion in pregnant mares. Treatments were performed in 10 mares hospitalized with a diagnosis of uterine torsion in the period from the 8th to the 11th month of pregnancy, including one mare treated during delivery. In 4 mares, obstetric examination revealed the presence of dead fetuses. In one mare admitted during labor, Kamer’s repositioning technique was applied by inserting a hand through the vagina into the uterus. In all other cases, mares underwent surgical repositioning after laparotomy performed in linea alba. In 4 mares, in which the uterine wall was at risk of rupture during handling because of advanced changes, a caesarean section was performed before repositioning. Eight out of the 9 mares survived treatment and recovered without complications. One of five mares in which live fetuses were left, miscarried, while the other four delivered healthy foals. Uterine torsion reposition by midline laparotomy offers the best possibilities for inspecting the abdominal cavity, including the uterus, and for detecting any other abnormalities of the digestive system. In the case of mares in which fetuses were left, spontaneous delivery had no adverse effect on the healing of the wound.
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