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In the baby kiwifruit food chain, the extent of losses caused by high perishability of the edible skin is a barrier for these fruit’s position in the fresh market. Thus, maintaining the overall quality in the warehouse is fundamental for the market channel. The wrapping technique with a stretch film represents a fine opportunity for maintaining fruit quality. Hortgem Rua® and Hortgem Tahi® cultivars of kiwifruits were evaluated during storage at 1±1°C for up to 60 days. The stretch wrap film used to protect the fruit has shown to limit the weight loss maintained by the pulp of both cultivars that were firmer (2.39 N and 2.13 N) and had lower gumminess values (280.92 and 213.57 for Hortgem Rua® and Hortgem Tahi®, respectively). Considering sensorial attributes, the wrapped samples also maintained overall quality, especially in terms of fruit colour (luminosity), consistency and taste.
The genus Actinidia was established by LINDLEY in 1836. The most recent systematic revision of Actinidia distinguish about 54 different species 52 of which occur naturally in China (44 of it are endemic). Recently Actinidia fruit has become famous for its nutritious, especially high content of vitamin C, and is evaluated as a healthy fruit. The results from the introduction of Actinidia species in M. M. Grishko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kiev) are presented. These collections of Actinidia are the largest in Ukraine and includes 6 species and over 300 different cultivars and forms. This collection provides valuable material for further selective work with Actinidia in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The most promising for hybridization are Actinidia arguta and A. arguta var. purpurea. The result of the selection work are at least 15 cultivars established and registered in Ukraine. This paper describe the history and current status of kiwiberry selection work made in Botaical Garden in Kiev, Ukraine.
Despite the importance of calcium in many fruit species and the effects of calcium application, there is little or no reliable information on the effect of CaCl2 spray at different fruit development stages on the fruit mineral nutrient content during the growing season and at harvest. Therefore, this study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2, 15 g L-1) spray at different fruit development stages on the accumulation Ca and other macronutrients in cv. Hayward kiwifruit grown at two locations. In order to find the absorbality of Ca at different spraying times, fruits were harvested 7 days after a Ca treatment. Additionally, the mineral composition of kwifruit was determined at the stage of harvest ripeness. The results showed that the absorbality of Ca by kiwifruit from Ca spray decreased significantly with the progressing fruit development. The highest fruit Ca content was found when the fruit plants were sprayed at 35+80 DAFB and 35+80+120 DAFB, irrespectively of the location of an orchard. At a later Ca spraying application, the N content in kiwifruit significantly decreased, but the K and Mg content slightly increased. In contrast, the K/Ca, N/Ca, Mg/Ca and (K+Mg)/Ca ratios of CaCl2 sprayed fruits was lower than in the control and the ratio values were more balanced in the Ca treated fruit than in the control. Overall, three CaCl2 (15 g L-1) sprays could effectively improve the fruit quality by balancing the Ca ratio to other macronutrients. Therefore, Ca spray treatments could be a recommended treatment in growing cv. Hayward kiwifruit.
A field experiment with Actinidia arguta and A. kolomikta cultivars purchased from a commercial nursery was conducted in Skierniewice, central Poland. Both Actinidia arguta and A. kolomikta cultivars were planted in June 2005 at a spacing of 3 x 2.2 m. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of climate conditions on the growth of eight cultivars of small kiwi fruit and to evaluate their usefulness for orchard culture in central Poland. After three years of growth in different climate conditions, including one of the coldest winters (2005/06) during the last years, and also severe late spring frosts (2007), some conclusion can be drawn. Two cultivars of Actinidia kolomikta have shown quite good resistance to winter and spring frosts, but the growth rate of these plants was rather slow. All the cultivars of Actinidia arguta were damaged by frost during the 2005/06 winter due to the snow-cover level, which was rather thick (24 cm). One year later all new shoots and leaves of Actinidia arguta cultivars were damaged completely by late spring frosts, which deleted flowering and fruit setting for at least one year. After three years of growth observations, the growth rate of small kiwi cultivars can be divided into three groups: fast growing with ‘Jumbo’ and ‘Genewa’; moderate growing with ‘Issai’, ‘Ken’s Red’ and ‘Weiki’ – male and female, and slow growing with A. kolomikta cultivars Dr Szymanowski and Sientiabrskaja.
Regeneration in endosperm-derived callus of Actinidla deliciosa cv. Hayward was documented by SEM combined with histology. Two kinds of callus, morphogenic and nonmorphogenic, were observed. Morphogenic callus consisted of compact cell clusters with epidermis-like tissue covered with a mucilaginous or continuous membranous layer, which partially disappeared, turned into fibrils, or became damaged. Regenerating shoots consisted of the apex and primordial leaves. Abnormal structures were also formed, frequently arrested in development. PAS reactions indicated that the mucilaginous layer and network present in intercellular spaces contains polysaccharides. Nonmorphogenic callus consisted of weakly attached cells without a covering membranous layer.
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