Effect of ketosis on the number and activity of leukocytes was investigated in 8 cows. The high level of ketone bodies in the blood was associated with a significant decrease in the total white blood cell count, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and insignificant decrease in lymphocytes. The number of monocytes was not changed. At the stage of ketosis, the neutrophil ability to NBT reduction was significantly lower, while the phagocytic index was slightly higher compared with the values during the time when the disease was not found.
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In isolated rabbit renal kidney-cortex tubules 2 mM glycerol, which is a poor gluconeogenic substrate, does not induce glucose formation in the presence of alanine, while it activates gluconeogenesis on substitution of alanine by aspartate, glutamate or proline. The addition of either 5 mM 3-hydroxybutyrate or 5 mM acetoacetate to renal tubules incubated with alanine + glycerol causes a marked induction of glucose production associated with inhibition of glutamine synthesis. In contrast, the rate of the latter process is not altered by ketones in the presence of glycerol and either aspartate, glutamine or proline despite the stimulation of glucose formation. Acceleration of gluconeogenesis by ketone bodies in the presence of amino acids and glycerol is probably due to (i) stimulation of pyruvate carboxylase activity, (ii) activation of malate-aspartate shuttle as concluded from elevated intracellular levels of malate, aspartate and glutamate, as well as (iii) diminished supply of ammonium for glutamine synthesis from alanine resulting from a decrease in glutamate dehydrogenase activity.
The investigations were carried out on 75 infertile cows with cystic ovarian disease, and 25 control cows with corpus luteum. The blood concentrations of ketone bodies, free fatty acids, glucose, total cholesterol and progesterone were determined before cyst treatment with GnRH. Levels of ketone bodies and free fatty acids were higher and progesterone level was lower in cystic cows than in control ones. Pregnancy rate to 60 days was 54.6% after injection of GnRH. The low progesterone level and energy deficit negatively influenced the efficacy of ovarian cyst treatment with GnRH.
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