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Aldehydes and their derivatives – primary alcohols and esters undergo ketonization in the gas phase in the range of 350-450 oC over multicomponental oxide catalyst – Zr-Mg-Y-O. This method is appropriate for processing mixtures of components. An experimental study was performed on ketonization of methyl esters fractions of waste fats and residuary alcohol fractions originating from industrial installations. In both cases mainly ketone fractions were obtained. During transformation of methyl esters and alcohols total yields of ketones amounted to over 60% and about 75%, respectively. Also, other catalytic systems (i.e. Fe-Si-Cr-K-O and Sn-Ce-Rh-O) can be used for ketonization of both raw materials.
This paper presents the suitability of the unpopular bimolecular reaction of primary alcohol condensation to ketones as the management method for waste or excessive materials containing primary alcohols, aldehydes and esters. This method simultaneously allows winning non symmetric or long-chain ketones.
An object of the research were five blue-veined cheeses purchased at local supermarkets. Additionally, a cheese being a combination of a blue-type and another rennet coagulated cheese was evaluated. Extraction of the volatile components was performed by means of SPME in the headspace mode (HS-SPME) and followed by GC/MS separation and identification of the compounds isolated. Then, PCA was applied to the data obtained. The dimensionality of the data set was reduced from 27 volatiles to only four principal components (PCs), which accounted for about 93% of the total variance and allowed the classification of the samples studied.
As a continuation of our research on the biological activity of undecan-x-ones (x = 2-4), their antimicrobial activity towards bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, yeast Candida mycoderma and mould Aspergillus niger. was investigated. The population viability of the tested microbial strains in the presence of undecan-x-ones was determined by the impedimetric and agar disc diffusion methods. Undecan-x-ones showed low antibacterial activity towards both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Undecan-2-one and undecan-3-one exhibited high activity towards C. mycoderma. All undecan-x-ones expressed the strongest effect on A. niger. The tests have proven that due to high fungistatic activity undecan-x-ones can be used to aid stabilization of food and cosmetic matrices.
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