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1

Flowering and generative reproduction in isolated populations of endangered species Carlina onopordifolia Besser [Asteraceae] in Poland

100%
Denisiuk Z., Chmura D., Adamski P.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2009
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tom 57
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nr 1
89-97
Carlina onopordifolia is longlived monocarpic perennial plant, which reproduces only generatively, however, it flowers and fruits only once in lifespan (10–20 yrs) and after seeds development it dies. Due to this type of reproduction the abundance of population depends on amount of produced seeds, moreover the plant flowers more abundantly every 2–3 years. The plant is highly specialized in respect to habitat and micro-climate conditions. It grows on calcareous and sun-heated slopes, where xerothermic grasslands grow with contribution of species typical for steppe vegetation. In Poland it is a very rare species known only from seven isolated natural stands in south and east part of the country. Differences and year-to-year fluctuations in the frequency and the abundance of generative and vegetative specimens in natural stands were studied in 2006 and 2007 years. The regional differences in leaf rosette size and size of inflorescences were examined. The abundance of population in all stands increased from ca. 13600 plants in 2006 to ca. 31950 in 2007. The G test revealed significant decrease in frequency of flowering plants vs. barren plants between the years in four of all seven stands. The significant differences in mean diameter of leaf rosettes (45; 49; 52 cm) and mean diameter of anthodium of generative specimens (7.17; 7.74; 8.27 cm) were observed in three the most geographically distinct and the most abundant populations. The mean values of leave rosette (44.20; 49.31 cm) and sizes of anthodiums (6.05; 7.61 cm) also changed significantly between the years 2006 and 2007, respectively for all data. It can be concluded that in all stands of the thistle in Poland the synchronization of blooming phase takes place. The observations implicate conclusions important for practice of monitoring which must be conducted at least for two vegetative seasons covering the whole phenology of the species in order to prevent the artifacts.
2

Genetic variability of small isolated populations of Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. (Asteraceae) in the Beskid Mały Mts (Southern Poland)

100%
Stachurska-Swakon A., Cieslak E., Ronikier M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2011
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tom 59
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nr 2
The populations of Cicerbita alpina in the Beskid Mały Mts. (Western Carpathians, Poland) are the northernmost, spatially isolated localities of this subalpine tall-herb species in the Carpathians. The genetic structure of these populations was studied using the AFLP method. The analysis also included the populations of the larger, more population-abundant parts of the distribution range to the north (Scandinavia) and to the south (the Tatra Mts., Western Carpathians). The genetic similarity of the Beskid Mały populations with those from the Tatra Mts. and Scandinavia was relatively low and the populations formed geographically distinct genetic groups. The populations from the Beskid Mały Mts. Were characterised by lower genetic variation, as well as the lowest degree of genetic differentiation (nie and Shannon’s coefficients), compared with those from the Tatra Mts. and Scandinavia. Our results indicate a relatively long period of isolation of the Beskid Mały Mts. populations; there is no evidence for recent dispersal or extant gene flow with populations from other regions. The differences among the populations also testify to fixation of genes in isolated areas, probably traced back to the founder individuals.
3
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Juniperus excelsa s. str. in Crimea - differentiation and history inferred from genetic and morphological markers

100%
Mazur M., Jadwiszczak K. A., Bona A., Krasylenko Y., Kukushkin O., Marcysiak K.
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
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2021
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tom 63
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nr 4
4
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Genetic diversity of Galium cracoviense Ehrend. [Rubiaceae] - the Polish endemic plant

100%
Cieslak E., Szelag Z.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
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2009
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tom 78
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nr 2
123-129
Genetic diversity of Galium cracoviense, a narrow endemic species, limited to the small area in southern Poland and concentrated on Jurassic limestone outcrops near Częstochowa, was examined using the AFLP marker. Twenty nine individuals from three spatially isolated populations were used for the study. AFLP analysis yielded 157 bands, of which 110 (70%) were polymorphic. The AMOVA analysis revealed a substantially higher variation within populations (89.35%) than among them (10.65%). Values of parameters describing population genetic diversity, such as Shannon index and gene diversity index estimated for each population, were highly similar. The results indicate a high level of genetic polymorphism as well as a high genetic similarity of the isolated populations of G. cracoviense and thus an unconstrained gene flow between them. Based on the results we conclude that additional demographic and genetic studies, are necessary to monitor potential decrease of populations size resulting mainly from the mechanical destruction of plants and their habitats caused by intense tourism. Due to the small general range of occurrence, conservation should include the highest possible number of populations of G. cracoviense.
5

Clonal structure of small isolated populations of Pinus mugo Turra from peatbogs in the Tatra Mts

100%
Prus-Glowacki W., Baczkiewicz A., Wysocka D.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
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2005
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tom 47
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nr 2
This study examined genetic variability at 11 allozyme loci and the clonal structure of peatbog populations of dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) from three small isolated stands in the Tatra Mts, Poland. The percentage of clones in the peatbog populations was high, 48.45% on average. Genetic variability was lower in these populations than in populations from the continuous range of the species. The mean number of alleles per locus (A) was 2.2. Estimates of total (HT = 0.231) and within-population (HS = 0.224) genetic diversity were very similar. Differentiation between populations was low (DST = 0.7%; GST = 2.1 %). Gene flow (Nm = 8.11) was also relatively low because of their geographic isolation. Wright’s fixation index (F) for all examined enzymatic loci demonstrated that the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
6

Phenotypic response of Doronicum austriacum Jacq. (Asteraceae) to diverse mountain and lowland conditions

80%
Stachurska-Swakon A., Kuz K.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2011
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tom 59
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nr 2
The knowledge of phenotypic response of rare and protected species provide useful information for the conservation and management strategies. Doronicum austriacum, a subalpine Central-European species has several lowland localities, which in Poland are regarded as glacial relicts. Diverse edaphic, climatic and coenotic conditions in particular localities give evidence to the broad ecological amplitude of the species. Based on data pertaining to three various populations occurring in different geographical regions (from South and Central Poland), different elevations a.s.l. (275–1350 m a.s.l.) and growing within different plant communities (subalpine tall-herb communities, mountain meadow, carr) an attempt has been made to characterise selected morphological, developmental and ecological features (like number of capitula and their diameter, effectiveness of reproduction, spatial distribution) and to test a hypothesis as to whether a lowland form of this species exists. The results indicate certain statistically significant differences (as number and diameter of capitula) between the study populations pertinent to plants at the generative stage. The distribution of the examined traits, however, falls within the range of species variability. The differences between averages are conditioned by the quality of the environment in terms of the soil moisture level, availability of mineral compounds and lighting, as well as by the degree of competition from other plants. The result of the experiment, involving transplantation of specimens into gardens, allow for the presumption that morphological features undergo environment-related modifications. At this stage of the studies, the idea of a morphologically different lowland form of the species cannot be supported.
7

The morphology of an unique population of Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) from the Caspian seal, Pusa caspica, in the land-locked Caspian Sea using SEM, with special notes on histopathology

80%
Amin O. M., Heckmann R. A., Halajian A., El-Naggar A. M.
Acta Parasitologica
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2011
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tom 56
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nr 4
Over 700 specimens of Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1904 were collected from one young male Caspian seal, Pusa caspica (Gmelin) in the southern land-locked Caspian Sea in April, 2009. Collected worms showed consistent variations from those reported by other observers using light microscopy especially in proboscis hook and trunk spine patterns. SEM images revealed many features that have not been previously reported including the shape and distribution of trunk spines, dorsoventral differences in proboscis hooks and their organization, the baldness of anterior proboscis, the rough egg topography, epidermal micropores, and variations in the female gonopore. This isolated population of C. strumosum from the land-locked Caspian Sea is distinguished from others reported from open waters elsewhere by the distribution of trunk spines, consistently smaller size of trunk and testes, larger eggs, and fewer proboscis hooks. Histopathological sections reveal the invasive path of worms in host tissue with damage to intestinal villi and worm encapsulation. Information obtained from SEM studies and histopathological sections is reported for the first time.
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