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The investigation was carried out on 72 fatteners of both sexes divided into two groups. Carcass meatiness determined after the slaughter of fatteners was a factor differentiating respective groups: group I with meatiness 49-54.4%, and group II with meatiness 54.7–60%. The m. longissimus dorsi was determined for the content of dry matter, protein, intramuscular fat and total cholesterol. Intramuscular fat and cholesterol contents in the m. longissimus dorsi of more muscled fatteners (group II) were significantly lower (p≤0.01) than those in the muscle of fatteners of group I. The intramuscular fat of fatteners of group II contained less saturated fatty acids (p≤0.01), while more unsaturated ones (p≤0.01), including polyunsaturated fatty acids (p≤0.01).
The authors determined the impact of carcass weight, genotype, sex, and nutrition on the degree of musculature and subcutaneous fattening as well as the level of intramuscular fat in fatteners obtained from market purchase. From among the examined weight groups, carcasses of heavy fatteners were characterized by poorer meatiness, thicker back fat and greater muscle fat content. The evaluation of the examined fattener genotypes revealed a significantly greater fattening of the muscles of crossbreds with 50% proportion of boars of the Duroc breed and purebred pigs than three- and four-breed fatteners obtained using Hampshire and Pietrain breeds. The investigations confirmed better musculature and lower fat content of gilts in comparison with hogs. Moreover, the performed experiments also showed a significant influence of traditional feeding on the reduction of meatiness and increased fattening in comparison with the animals which were fed Grower and Finisher mixtures.
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This manuscript presents results of authors` research regarding selected factors influencing sensory pork quality. In the manuscript the role of breed, genes (RYR1T, RN-, CAST), slaughter weight as well as meatiness is comprised. Additionally, the role of intramuscular fat, ultimate pH and heat treatment on pork quality is discussed. It was stated that the optimization of the sensory aspects of the pork quality should not be limited to one aspect only but it should include the practical use of a number of dependent determinants. Obtaining high eating quality depends also on the quality of the raw material and the way of thermal processes (temperature, time, method of thermal process).
In the present study, microwave thawing was compared with conventional thawing in atmospheric air. It was found that the quality of intramuscular lipids, reflected in the acid value, deteriorated during six-month deep-freeze storage, irrespective of the thawing method. The sensory quality of m. longissimus dorsi was related to the thawing method and the time of deep-freeze storage. The rate of changes was faster in samples thawed in the air, compared to those thawed in a microwave oven.
The contractile protein troponin I (TnI), a constituent protein of the troponin complex located on the thin filaments of striated muscle, is involved in inhibition of calcium-induced myosin ATPase activity (and thus contraction). TnI-slow (slow-twitch skeletal muscle isoform, named TNNI1) and TnI-fast (fast-twitch skeletal muscle isoform, named TNNI2) are muscle-fiber-type-specific proteins, and expression of their genes may affect the composition of muscle fiber, thereby influencing the meat quality traits. Thus, the TnI genes are potential candidate genes for traits related to meat quality in animals. Association of 2 SNPs (EU743939:g.5174T>C in intron 4, and EU743939:g.8350C>A in intron 7) of the TNNI1 gene and a SNP (EU696779:g.1167C>T in intron 3) of the TNNI2 gene with 11 meat quality traits were studied on 334 Large White x Meishan F₂ pigs. In the TNNI1 gene, g.5174T>C and g.8350C>A were found to be significantly associated with intramuscular fat content and meat color value of biceps femoris. The g.5174T>C also showed significant effects on meat color value and marbling score of longissimus dorsi, as well as pH of longissimus dorsi and semispinalis capitis. The g.1167C>T polymorphism in the TNNI2 gene affected significantly the pH of longissimus dorsi, meat color value of longissimus dorsi and semispinalis capitis, marbling score of longissimus dorsi, and intramuscular fat.
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