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The plagioporine opecoelids Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1902, and Macvicaria crassigula (Linton, 1910) Bartoli, Bray, and Gibson, 1989 have been reported from fishes in expansive geographic regions, disjointed from their type localities. New material of M. crassigula was collected from near its type locality as well as specimens resembling Helicometra fasciata sensu lato from three triglids in the Gulf of Mexico. Comparisons of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences, comprising the partial 18S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer region (= ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2), and partial 28S rDNA gene, from M. crassigula and Helicometra fasciata sensu lato in the Gulf of Mexico were made with sequences deposited in GenBank from those species from the Mediterranean Sea. Results reveal that M. crassigula sensu stricto from the Gulf of Mexico is distinct from the two cryptic species of M. crassigula sensu lato from the Mediterranean Sea and Helicometra fasciata sensu lato in this study differs from H. fasciata sequences from the Mediterranean Sea, thus Helicometra manteri sp. nov. is described.
Trypanosoma evansi infection in the Philippines is frequently reported to affect the country’s livestock, particularly, the buffaloes. To assess the prevalence and intraspecific diversity of T. evansi in the country, blood samples from water buffaloes in different geographical regions were collected during an outbreak. T. evansi was detected in all 79 animals tested using PCR targeting the RoTat 1.2 VSG gene. Sequencing of the rDNA complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region including the 5.8S subunit showed high similarity (99–100%) between Philippine isolates and known T. evansi isolates in Genbank. Tree construction based on the same region confirmed the close relationship between Philippine and reported Thai isolates as compared to Egyptian isolates separated by relatively small genetic distances, 47 polymorphisms, despite the clustering in four branches. Overall, the results of this study prove genetic diversity within T. evansi species despite previous reports on limited heterogeneity among isolates worldwide.
In this study the pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolates towards wheat seedlings in laboratory and greenhouse conditions was evaluated. In both experiments seven features were examined: plant height, roots weight, the percentage of infected stems and leaf sheaths and also the degree of stem and leaf sheaths infection. Isolates R1, R29, R39 and R59 were the most pathogenic. Percentage of infected stems ranged from 25.3 to 82.5 and roots from 35 to 82.3. The amplification of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) between 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA genes and sequence analysis of these regions have been shown to be sufficiently variable to resolve two Rhizoctonia species. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to assess genetic variability among isolates. The suitability of RAPD method for isolates differentiation at intraspecific level was shown. Using seven arbitrary primers in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thirty-three RAPD markers were generated. Clustering analysis from RAPD data resolved two groups of R. cerealis isolates at the 36% similarity level. Moreover, significant associations between molecular markers and pathogenicity of R. cerealis isolates were found.
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