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The paper concentrates on the evaluation of the phenomenon of differentiated perception of development in the context of widespread globalisation and integration. The author has shown the modern trends in perceiving the contemporary timeline and developmental approach, as well as the sustainability aspects of the developmental process and different types and features of the developmental ordering. Additionally, the recom- mendations for a model development course have been presented.
The development and introduction of the integrated quality management systems were enhanced by the fact that in the different areas of the management of the enterprise processes several common properties can be found which can be defined in the same way and are common in all management systems. Integration means incorporation of different parts into a bigger unit or whole. Nowadays, the above mentioned explanation of integration means the unification of the management steps (financial, production, stock management) and the unification of the requirements written in different normative documents. ave the following properties: complexity, sensitivity, modularity, dynamics, professionalism, and profile-neutrality. The integrated system means a uniform management system that consists of two or more special management system standards, and a normative document. Thus, it is a system that consists of several management systems and system elements that helps the management of the enterprise to accomplish the tasks that belong to different management systems but can be included in a uniform management system.
The past decade, i.e. 2004-2014, was a period of intensive development of the Polish meat industry, in which Poland’s accession to the European Union and a possibility of using EU subsidies under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) definitely had their share. Thanks to this support, the meat industry in Poland grew much faster than in the EU-15 and was a leader of the EU-12/13. Integration with the EU had a positive impact on accelerating production growth in the Polish meat industry, while several years of adaptation to EU requirements significantly changed the image of Polish meat companies in the Single European Market. The Polish meat industry became a major producer of meat and meat preparations in the European market (in 2014, ranked fifth in the EU) and Polish processing plants are considered among the most advanced in the EU. In the past decade, meat product export was one of the main factors contributing to the development of the meat industry in Poland. Growing domestic demand was the second important factor of production growth. However, greater market diversification is needed (Asian and African countries, the Middle East).
Malopolska region is the region specific in many respects, it has crucial importance for the proper functioning of both economy and social life but also natural environment of Poland. Poland’s integration into the European Union provided a major and unique chance for relatively fast improvement of economic situation of rural dwellers and primarily for regulating processes associated with water cycle and water erosion, and the necessity to protect water resources and natural biocenoses which have been disturbed or degraded in result of too intensive development of agriculture in these areas in the past. EU agricultural policy allocates sufficient means from the Community funds to these aims but only if a number of complex activities to improve agricultural facilities and agrienvironmental measures are implemented by the farmers of the region. In many parts of the Malopolska farm production should be connected with protective and conservative measures. Agriculture in the province, so far focused only on production, should change into multifunctional one in the nearest future. The authors think that because of specific landscape, therapeutic, recreational and cultural values of mountain and upland areas of Malopolska and their importance for national economy and flood-protection of the country, three provinces (Malopolska, Podkarpacie and Silesia) should be included in a separate operational programme providing means for rational and complex reconstruction of rural utility structures.
Hungary is expected be the European Union member state by 2004 according to the accession talks. In this respect the main question of agricultural modernisation involves the evaluation of integration and its role - specially the motivation factors, the type of integration and the integrator it self. Financing has got a sufficient role in integrating agricultural farms just as well as good sales conditions, obtaining and maintaining dominant market positions, and manufacturing quality goods. All these aims can be met only by a vertical organisation, which includes marketing, financing, buying and selling channels, and also capable to transform market demand and information into important production factors. The contribution of the Hungarian food industry to GDP is bigger than those of the most European Union member states. Food industry has even more significant role in respect of export-import balance, because it is the only industry having 1,5-2 billion US dollar positive result in net export. Therefore, in the new situation - concerning competitiveness in the EU home market - it is very important to develop and modernise this industry. In this paper we show the traditional integration-cooperation formations (that were formed during the socialist regime), after that we analyse the effects of their disintegration as a cause of political transition in the 90s, and furthermore we take the new forms and possibilities together with the arising problems as well. We also evaluate the role of cooperatives in this process, and the desired trends for the future.
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Integrated quality management in food supply chain

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Traceability in solids is difficult to ensure, as in piece goods. The batch as a whole will change constantly mixing processes by their composition and size. For traceability not only an appropriate identification system but also an approach to batch management is required. The systems supporting traceability provides a sophisticated batch concept and a batch coding persecution of lots within a single company, between customer-supplier dyads, as well as along the entire distribution chain. The introduction of a traceability systems is connected with technical and organizational effort. In the event of an inter-company implementation further agreements with suppliers and/or customers are required. Is a traceability system implemented, but it offers flexible opportunities to share quality information and thus to improve quality across the entire grain chain.
Old industries cause serious ecological damage to the surrounding countryside. The dump as a side effect of Nickel Metallurgical Works in Sered' operation had been a problem from urban and agricultural point of view since the 1960's. The dump was a threat for its surroundings as a source of enormous amounts of dust because it consisted of fine grained powder heap with unstabilized surface structure. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of experimental work focused on stabilization of the dump surface with vegetation cover which has been done mostly at the Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra.
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The article presents processes of development in the Polish food industry which took place in the years 1998-2007. The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of investments in food industry on structural transformations in two periods: that of pre-accession and the other of integration with the European Union.
 In the stroma compartment, several pathways are used for integration/translocation of chloroplast proteins into or across the thylakoid membrane. In this study we investigated the mode of incorporation of the chloroplast-encoded cytochrome b6 into the bacterial membrane. Cytochrome b6 naturally comprises of four transmembrane helices (A,B,C,D) and contains two b-type hemes. In the present study, mature cytochrome b6 or constructed deletion mutants of cytochrome were expressed in E. coli cells. The membrane insertion of cytochrome b6 in this bacterial model system requires an artificially added presequence that directs the protein to use an E. coli membrane-insertion pathway. This could be accomplished by fusion to maltose-binding protein (MBP) or to the bacterial Sec-dependent signal peptide (SSpelB). The integration of mature cytochrome b6 into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane by the Sec pathway has been reported previously by our group (Kroliczewski et al., 2005, Biochemistry, 44: 7570). The results presented here show that cytochrome b6 devoid of the first helix A can be inserted into the membrane, as can the entire ABCD. On the other hand, the construct devoid of helices A and B is translocated through the membrane into the periplasm without any effective insertion. This suggests the importance of the membrane-anchoring sequences that are likely to be present in only the A and B part, and it is consistent with the results of computational prediction which did not identify any membrane-anchoring sequences for the C or D helices. We also show that the incorporation of hemes into the truncated form of cytochrome b6 is possible, as long as the B and D helices bearing axial ligands to heme are present.
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