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During the 2011–2012 the research on optimal treatment time to control cabbage root fly on cabbage crops was carried out. The study focused on determining the suitability of allylisothiocyanate-baited traps to control Delia radicum L. on cabbage crops. Treatment time was determined based on a number of captured females. During cabbage harvesting time an analysis of a root damaged caused by cabbage root fly larva was done. The results show a high efficacy of used monitoring system in control of D. radicum on cabbage crops. Flight monitoring method could be useful for control cabbage root fly in Integrated Pest Management.
During 2001–2009 more than 900 questionnaires on farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and crop and pest management practices by various groups of farmers were collected in the selected regions of Poland. Both groups of farmers: specialized in fruit and vegetable production and owners of farms mainly producing field crops were interviewed by the M.Sc. students, originating from the selected regions and were eagerly accepted by local farmers. Some obvious differences were presented by various groups of producers of apples, sour cherries, black currants, strawberries and onions, by leaders in integrated crop and pest management in apple orchards in central Poland due to the more than 25 years involvement of the staff of Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice. A significant improvement in the knowledge and acceptance of integrated production (IP) and integrated pest management (IPM) principles by participants of the training courses was proved for all groups of fruit producers. The critical comments on the IP courses of participants listed in the paper should serve as a base line for the future improvement in the farmers’ training on IPM as part of National Action Program to implement IPM principles as required by the new UE Directive on sustainable pesticide management. The owners of larger agricultural farms with high external input implemented much more recommendations of integrated crop and pest management than in farms under moderate and low input. Therefore a special attention during the implementation period under the National Action Programme of the UE Directive 1107/2009 of 21st November 2009 should be given to regions characterized by majority of conventional lower input in agriculture farming. The development and activity in training farmers on Euro- and GlobalGap and IP by the newly established private extension and consulting firms may support the government institution in the specialized training of farmers and contribute to meeting condition of the UE Directive on sustainable pesticides usage in Poland.
The biotechnical preparations: Biosept Active (based on a grapefruit extract) and BioZell (based on thyme oil) as well as Hypericum perforatum extract, streptomycin solution and fungicide Champion 50WP (active ingredient substance – e.i. 50% copper hydroxide) were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on three media: Nutrient Agar (NA Difco), Pseudomonas Agar F (Merck) – analogue of King B and 523. In the experiments, the agar plate method was applied. There were no statistically significant differences in the effect of streptomycin and Champion 50WP on the growth inhibition of three bacteria strains for medium 523 and Nutrient Agar and of P. syringae pv. syringae and X. arboricola pv. corylina for medium King B. It was determined that the antibacterial activity of Biosept Active and BioZell biopreparations and H. perforatum extract against Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58), Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (strain 760) and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina (strain RIPF-x13) were dependent on the strain of pathogen as well as the growth medium used. According to the research results obtained, the Biosept Active preparation and H. perforatum extract demonstrated high bacteriostatic activity against three bacterial strains grown on the Nutrient Agar medium.
On soils heavy contaminated with Plasmodiophora brassicae growing any susceptible crop of brassicae is impossible even using fumigation method involving the use of calcium cyanamide or dazomet. The satisfactory results suggested that resistant crucifers might effectively reduce numbers of resting spores of P. brassicae in soils. The total lack of disease symptoms was achieved when used disinfection with calcium cyanamide (Perlka 1,000 kg/ha) and sowing resistant winter oilseed cultivar Mendel F1 and Alister F1.
Present challenges facing the pest management as a result of the Directive of European Parliament (2009/128/WE of 25th October 2009) and of Council established framework for Community action to achieve sustainable use of pesticides and obligatory implementation of required standards in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) start from 1st January 2014 in the EU member states. Critical analysis of present scientific recommendations of IPM for various crops in Poland indicates the need of performing more advanced research in the following areas: (1) effect of biodiversity and ecological infrastructures on complex interactions between populations of pests and their natural enemies, including newly introduced crops; (2) biological and ecological factors affecting a threat by invasive alien species; (3) using advanced ecological methods and techniques (eg. SADIE) to improve monitoring and forecasting of pest populations, as a consequence optimizing decisions for chemical treatments; (4) intensifying pest resistance breeding in selected crops by the use conventional methods and biotechnoly; (5) undertaking more studies on the effect of GM crops on non-target organisms and methodology of Environmental Risk Assessment and monitoring; (6) developing research on pest resistance to pesticides, resulting from reduced number of available pesticides registered on majority of economical crops; (7) active contribution to development and implementation „farmer friendly” recommendations of IPM using the methodology of Agriculture Knowledge and Information System.
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