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The aim of this studies was characteristic of the sources of primary infection for tan spot. During the period 1998 - 1991 the development of ascomata and conidimata of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis on naturally infected wheat and triticale straws was monitored. The process of pseudothecia formation was extending over the time. It started immediately after harvest and protothecia of the fungus was commonly occurred each year already in the fall. The first fruit bodies with maturated typical!y pigmented ascospores were observed in January 2001 and in February 1998 and 1999. The percentage of pseudothecia with maturate ascospores successively increased richening maximum in April when the massive liberation of spores from asci occurred. After the total ascospore release on surface of empty ascomata aroused conidiophores with conidia which mayaIso act as inoculum source. Moreover this type of sporulation was observed directly on over wintered cereals stems especially after prolonged period of rains.The present studies indicated also on infected by P. tritici-repentis wheat and triticale seeds as a source of inoculum for tan spot.
The effect of pre-leaf fan of 5% urea treatment on primary infection of apple by Venturia inaequalis, the cause of scab, was investigated in commercial apple orchards of McIntosh cv. in different region s of Poland, at Miłobądz, Sinołęka and Dąbrowice. Additionally, the development of pseudothecia and maturation of ascospores were evaluated in the spńng on apple leaves of two cultivars (McIntosh and Gloster) treated with 5% solution of urea. Microscopic observations of leaves showed that urea treatment significantly reduced the number of pseudothecia (by ca. 90%) and ascospore production. Low number of ascospores after urea treatment has strongly affected primary infection of apple by the fungus in all tested orchards. Reduction of leaf infection on control trees was usually more than 30%. Also efficacy of chemical control of apple scab was significantly higher on plots treated with urea.
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