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Four compounds previously described as antimutagenic for human lymphocytes in vitro were tested on their immunomodulatory activity in lymphocyte cultures. The standard immunocytochemical methods were applied for microscopic examination of the percentual representation of the main lymphocyte subpopulation. The results imply that all of the tested compounds exhibited significant immunomodulatory effect, with that of fluphenazine being the strongest, whereas that of todralazine is the weakest. Two of the tested compounds: anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa fruit, and alkylresorcinols from cereal grains, also exhibited a distinct immunomodulatory activity, and it deserves adequate attention as an activity exerted by natural products, commonly present in regular human diet. The analysis of the proliferating cell fraction, and the estimation of the cell proliferation rate suggest that the effect of the tested compounds might depend on an increase in the number of lymphocytes which expressed their differentiation antigens on the cell membranes.
The influence of methanolic-water extract from Chinese wolfberry fruits (Lycium chinensis Mill.) on human lymphocyte proliferation and on frequencies of the main subpopulation of T lymphocytes after 72 h culture was studied. The extract mildly decreased frequency of proliferating lymphocytes while it markedly increased the CD4/CD8 ratio; the last ef­fect stems from its activity on elevation of CD4+ cells number and lowering of CD8+ cell numbers. Impact of the extract on free radical generation by granulocyte samples in vitro included an increase of free radical level in non-stimulated granulocytes and a de­crease of free radicals in granulocyte samples stimulated with the standard activator (PMA). The results documented a complex in vitro immunomodulatory action of the ex­tract.
Terminalia chebula, a plant rich with phytochemicals, was selected in the present investigation for evaluating its immunomodulatory activities. Extract of the leaves were prepared in various solvents. Ethanolic extract was found to contain significant amount of phytochemicals. Hence, it was selected to study immunomodualtory activity. Silica gel column chromatography of ethanolic extract was performed. The fractions were further subjected to TLC and most active fractions were administrated to balb/C mice for evaluating immunomodulatory studies. Out of the five fraction (S1 – S5), S3 was found to possess immunostimulant activity. Provision of Ethanol Extracts of Terminalia chebula on balb/C mice can increase the antibody titers IgM and IgG.
Immunomodulating activity of leaf decoctions from four Staphylea species (Staphylea colchica Stev., S. elegans Zab., S. holocarpa Hemsl. and S. pinnata L.) was studied on human mononuclear cells. Phagocytic activity of mononuclear cells was highest after incubation with the extract of S. holocarpa Hemsl. S. colchica Stev. possesses the highest lysozyme activity, a little lower values were determined by S. holocarpa Hemsl. and S. pinnata L. The inhibition of the peroxidase activity of mononuclear cells was most significant in S. holocarpa Hemsl., in opposition on S. pinnata L., the only species that showed the stimulating effect on the immune cells again. All the studied species showed the immunomodulating activity, S. pinnata L. seems to be immunostimulating only. S. colchica Stev. and S. holocarpa Hemsl. are the most prospective species from the view of immunomodulating activity.
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