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This paper discusses research into the seasonal variability of concentrations of total carbon (TC), dissolved organic substances (DOC), and humic substances (HS) migrating with ground water from cultivated fields. Moreover, the effects of biogeochemical barriers such as meadow belts, shelterbelts and small field ponds on limiting migration of the chemical compounds in the agricultural landscape were analysed. It was found that ground water of the studied area contains high concentrations of all examined elements averaging from 44.7 to 73.1 mg/1 of TC, from 224 to 43.6 mg/1 of DOC, and from 6.84 to 20.3 mg/1 HS. It was shown that a 20 m wide meadow belt reduces concentration of TC in ground water by 29%, that of DOC by 44%, and HS by 52%. Moreover, it was found that surface waters of the studied area also contain high concentrations of TC (mean from 65.7 to 78.3 mg/1), DOC (47.8 mg/1), and HS (from 21.3 to 34.0 mg/1). The study results show that such biogeochemical barriers as meadow belts and small field ponds effectively limit the spread of organic compounds migrating with ground water through agricultural landscapes.
This study concerns developmental intensity and metabolic activity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from water of the littoral and pelagial zones of the polyhumic lake Stęgwica. The experiments were carried out with humic substances and [3H]-glucose in media with pH 6.0 and 8.0. It was found that the development and metabolic activity of most strains in the presence of humic substances were higher in the medium with pH 8.0 than in that with pH 6.0. It was found that humic substances in acid medium had an inhibitory effect on the development and metabolic activity of 90% of the strains of bacteria isolated from littoral zone and of 50% of the strains isolated from the pelagial zone.
The aim of this paper is to compare the chemistry of surface waters taken from two areas: Poland (Wielkopolska) and Lithuania. These two areas have different environments and different agricultural utilization. The high concentration of both nutritive compounds and dissolved humic substances were found in the Wielkopolska Region, where a great proportion of cultivated fields and intensive agrotechnics are observed. Surface waters located in Lithuania, with a high percentage of wasteland such as bogs, pastures and meadows, showed much lower concentrations of the analysed components. The analysis of content of heavy metals in surface waters showed much greater concentrations of manganese, lead and zinc in Lithuanian water, which can be related to considerable atmospheric pollution of this area.
This paper presents a study on the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and humic substances (HS) in the waters of two different small ponds located in agricultural environments. DOC and HS content is high in the water of pond R adjacent to cultivated fields (DOC 42.0 mg/1, HS 34.2 mg/1) and in pond H surrounded by a wide belt of meadow and settled by macrophytes (DOC 48.0 mg/1, HS 37.2 mg/1). The total amounts of cations and cations bounded with humic substances dissolved in water of these two ponds have been analyzed. These studies indicate that small field ponds are a good biogeochemical barrier controlling organic compound migration with water from arable fields into water reservoirs.
The authors determined the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and electrical conductivity, as well as the colour and pH in the ground waters of 26 peatbogs in Pomerania (NW Poland). Three kinds of peat-bogs have been taken into account – forestless sphagnum-cover bogs, bog coniferous forests and birch swamps. The condition of bogs was classified as good, moderate or poor as regards their natural qualities. In good natural-status peat-bogs the lowest amounts of DOC (about 30 mg C dm⁻³) and conductivity (<100 µS cm⁻¹) were found in the water of the peat of sphagnumcover bogs, higher levels were recorded in forest peat-bog water (DOC – 50 mg C dm⁻³, conductivity – 100 µS cm⁻¹). Drainage of all the kinds of peat-bog under study leads to an increase in the concentration of DOC (>70 mg C dm⁻³) and conductivity (up to 90 µS cm⁻¹ in degraded sphagnum-cover bogs and 140–150 µS cm⁻¹ in degraded forest bogs); there also occurs an increase in acidity (from pH 4.0–3.7 to 3.7–3.4) and coloration (from 300 to 1000 mg Pt dm⁻³ in forestless peat-bogs and from 600–800 to 1400–1600 mg Pt dm⁻³ in forest bogs).
A spectrophotometric method of monosaccharide analysis was assessed with regard to its non-selectivity towards humic substances. Analysis of model solutions showed that it responds positively to both marine and terrestrial humics. The systematic error in monosaccharide analysis (in glucose equivalents) was 0.18–0.20mg per 1 mg of Aldrich humic acid and 0.11–0.12 mg per 1 mg of humic substances isolated from Gulf of Gdańsk water.
This paper presents the results of resarch on impact of humic substances (HS) on bacterioplancton in eutrophic Lake Jeziorak (north-eastern Poland). In cultures of natural bacteria from the lake water, enriched with 0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg dm⁻³ of HS (natural HS – isolated from lake water or commercial HS – sodium salt of humic substance; Sigma-Aldrich), were determined the following parameters: total number of bacteria (TNB), number of heterotrophic bacteria (CFU), bacterial production (BP) (measured with [³H]methyl thymidine method) and general activity of esterases. Natural HS had a more positive impact on bacterial growth, bacterial production and activity of esterases than the commercial preparation HS. The highest TNB and CFU was observed when the water was enriched with 25 mg dm⁻³ of natural HS. All concentrations of the natural HS stimulated bacterial production. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes increased with rising concentrations of natural HS.
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