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Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy as a possible factor of breast cancer

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Predna L., Habanova M., Slavikova E., Wyka J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2015

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tom 66

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nr 3

Background. Breast cancer is a disease with an increasing incidence, and it originates from several factors. Risk factors of this disease represent a diverse group of parameters, which also include hormonal influences. Objective. The aim of the present study was to determine if there is a relationship between hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy in patients with diagnosed most common types of breast cancer taking into account the age at which the disease was diagnosed in selected sonographic clinic in the district of Nitra, Slovak Republic. Material and Methods. As a part of an ongoing retrospective study from 2005, a cohort of 300 randomly selected patients aged 25-87 years with diagnosed breast cancer have been monitored in 2012. The age at which breast cancer was diagnosed, and relationship to hormone therapy were analysed based on medical documentation. Results. Among 300 randomly selected patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer the group at the age of 40-59 was the most numerous (mean age was 53.06±11.25 years). The mean age of 45 patients who were given hormonal contraceptives (HC) was 46.44±7.34 years, whereas the mean age of 82 patients who were subjected to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was 53.63±6.67 years. In women who took hormonal treatment, breast cancer was diagnosed at the mean age of 50.60±7.56 years, while women who never took HRT or HC, were diagnosed around the age of 53.92±12.35 years. The most common types of cancer were the infiltrating ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma. From all patients, the relapse occurred among 14 of them, about 4.86 years later. Only 2 patients had breast cancer on both diagnosed breast. After a surgery, the cancer was observed in 7 patients. The positive family history was confirmed with 34 patients. Conclusions. Nowadays, the breast cancer treatment, especially at early stages, is successful, however, the malignant breast neoplasm remains the most common oncological disease causing the death amongst women. In the assessment of the impact of HC and HRT on breast cancer, it is not possible to provide a clear conclusion, because their influence on the tumour is difficult to verify.

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BonisteinTM (synthetic genistein), a food component in development for a bone health nutraceutical

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Ullmann U., Bendik I., Fluhmann B.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 1

79-95

In the discussion of the risk-benefit relation of the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for elder women phytochemicals with estrogenic activity received a great deal of attention. Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring compounds with structural similarity to 17b-estradiol. Especially genistein, an isoflavone most abundant in soy, possess a high and selective binding-affinity to the mammalian estrogen receptors. It has been found, that genistein exert in humans both: weak estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects, similar to the SERMs. Consequently, it was concluded, that genistein might provide an alternative to prevent postmenomausal bone-loss and ameliorate menopausal symptoms without side-effects similar to HRT. Pre-clinical experiments and results from clinical pilot studies with pure genistein confirmed its efficacy in these indications. Nevertheless, currently some open issues still exist to recommend its intake thoughtlessly. Bonistein, pure synthetic genistein developed by DSM Nutritional Products, was tested extensively in appropriate models for bone health. A battery of toxicological studies was conducted to determine safe intake levels. In the early clinical development pharmacokinetic studies were performed in healthy volunteers and in postmenopausal women. Now large-scale studies are in preparation to investigate Bonistein's efficacy in postmenopausal bone-loss and climacteric syndrome.

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The presence and role of progesterone receptor in the ovaries of postmenopausal women who have not applied hormone replacement therapy

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Starczewski A., Brodowska A., Laszczynska M., Piasecka M.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2008

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tom 46

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nr 3

277-282

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Assessment of the influence of fluoride, modified transdermal replacement hormone therapy and supplement hormone therapy on unmanageable osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

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Stanosz M., Stanosz S., Puchalski A.

Journal of Elementology

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2009

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tom 14

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nr 3

545-551

The study was conducted on 40 women in the early postmenopausal period, aged 52.3±3.1 years with primary osteoporosis unmanageable in treatment, divided into 2 groups based on a randomized list. Group I (n-20) was administered orally fluoride 0.25 mg kg-1 24 h-1 with modified transdermal hormone therapy/HRT, and group II (n-20) was administered orally fluoride and supplement hormonal therapy(HST) in 21 therapeutic cycle. The serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC), procollagen(PICP), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), prolactin basic (PRL) and prolactin after metoclopramide (PRL/ MCP) 4 times by using radioimmunoassy methods, before treatment and after 1, 3, 12 months of treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) L2 – L4 was determined before treatment and at 12 month with a dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry scanner (Lunar DPX-1Q). In group I women receiving fluoride and transdermal HRT IGF-1 increased significantly while the concentrations of OC and PICP significantly decreased after 3 and 12 months of treatment but no statistically significant changes in the PRL concentration occurred. In group II women receiving orally fluoride and HST, a significant decrease in the concentration of IGF-1, OC after 3 and 12 months and a significant increase in the concentration of PRL and PRL/ MCP after 1, 3 and 12 months of treatment compared with the baseline values appeared. The concentration of type I procolagen (PICP) showed no statistically significant changes. Increase in bone mineral density was statistically significant L1, L2 (p < 0.05), L3, L4 (p < 0.01) compared with the baseline in the group receiving transdermal HRT. In women receiving fluoride and orally HST increase in the bone mineral density for L1 and L2 was non-insignificant, whereas for L3 and L4 it was significantly higher compared with the baseline (p < 0.05).

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Prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women receiving transdermal hormonal replacement therapy

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Sieja K.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2016

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tom 10

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nr 2

Postmenopausal women have higher risks and incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to premenopausal. In Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) studies restricted to younger postmenopausal women show that initiation of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) closer to menopause reduced the risk of CVD. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the actual state of knowledge connected with the influence on transdermal hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), in early postmenopausal women, on the concentrations of sex hormones, lipids, coagulation markers and other parameters associated with cardiovascular risk. In women receiving transdermal hormonal replacement therapy, the significant decrease of concentrations of TC, LDL-C, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and the increase of concentrations of HDL-C, PC-protein, PS-protein and antithrombin III in blood serum were found. This regimen did not increase arterial blood pressure. Conclusions: 1. In early postmenopausal women receiving transdermal hormonal replacement therapy the levels of estradiol, estrone and progesterone in blood serum assured the optimal concentration of these hormones. − 2. Long-term transdermal hormonal replacement therapy in early postmenopausal women resulted in beneficial effects on the concentration of sex hormones, lipids, coagulation markers and other parameters associated with cardiovascular risk. − 3. Favourable biophysical and biochemical results of the long – term transdermal hormonal replacement therapy, indicate that the presented mode of hormonal treatment is the procedure of choice in the prophylaxis and treatment of early postmenopausal women with the biochemical risk factors of arteriosclerotic vascular diseases.

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Benefits and dangers of hormone replacement therapy in the opinion of a female patient

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Barnas E., Janowska J., Borzecki A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2004

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tom 13

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nr Suppl.2, Part 1

The aim of this research was to determine to what degree women in the climacterium period know the benefits and dangers resulting from hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The most common benefits, resulting from HRT, are doing away with the fits of heat (34.2%), prevention of osteoporosis (33.3%), emotional stability (29.2%) and prolongation of the lifespan and general fitness (15.5%). Most of the women that used HRT are well-informed about the mechanism of the medicimes efficacy, they are also aware of short-term benefits resulting from the therapy. The most common fear that women using substitution hormonotherapy have is the fear of neoplasmatic disease.

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Assessment of the influence of hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on reactive oxygen intermediates generation by neutrophils

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Stetkiewicz T., Polac I., Stachowiak G., Jedrzejczyk S., Makula A., Pertynski T.

Acta Toxicologica

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2003

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tom 11

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nr 2

8

Plasma biogenic amine concentrations in women: the effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy

84%

Kaminski K., Fogel W. A., Tkacz A., Ginter J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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1997

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tom 48

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nr 2

9

Prevalence of estrogen receptor alpha PvuII and XbaI polymorphism in population of Polish postmenopausal women

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Jakimiuk A. J., Nowicka M., Bogusiewicz M., Adamiak A., Skorupski P., Miotla P., Rechberger T., Haczynski J.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2007

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tom 45

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nr 4

331-338

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The controversies regarding the role of estrogens in urogynecology

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Rechberger T., Skorupski P.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica. Supplement

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2007

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tom 45

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nr 1

17-21

Ograniczanie wyników

Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy as a possible factor of breast cancer

BonisteinTM (synthetic genistein), a food component in development for a bone health nutraceutical

The presence and role of progesterone receptor in the ovaries of postmenopausal women who have not applied hormone replacement therapy

Assessment of the influence of fluoride, modified transdermal replacement hormone therapy and supplement hormone therapy on unmanageable osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women receiving transdermal hormonal replacement therapy

Benefits and dangers of hormone replacement therapy in the opinion of a female patient

Assessment of the influence of hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on reactive oxygen intermediates generation by neutrophils

Plasma biogenic amine concentrations in women: the effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy

Prevalence of estrogen receptor alpha PvuII and XbaI polymorphism in population of Polish postmenopausal women

The controversies regarding the role of estrogens in urogynecology