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The present study assessed the sensitivity of immature hamster uterotrophic assay to reference oestrogen agonists/antagonists in order to develop a sensitive model for evaluation of endocrine-active compounds in diets. After performing a baseline for control animals, the sensitivity of immature females (postnatal day 18) to reference compounds was evaluated in a three-day uterotrophic assay. The absolute and adjusted dry uterine weights, fold induction over control for absolute wet uterine weight, and wet uterine weight/body weight ratio (%) were used as endpoints. The significantly active doses for reference oestrogens were as follows: 0.6 µg/kg for 17α-ethinyloestradiol (s.c.): 1 µg/kg/day (s.c.) and 40 µg/kg (p.o.) for diethylstilboestrol; 40 mg/kg (s.c.) and 160 mg/kg (p.o.) for bisphenol A. Co-treatment with tamoxifen at a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly antagonised the uterotrophic effect induced by 1 µg/kg 17α-ethinyloestradiol, and showed the attenuated proliferative effect in histopathological examination. We found immature hamster uterotrophic assay as a sensitive model that could be a good alternative to the rat assay.
The objective of this study was to carry out a macroscopic and histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and to evaluate the effect of mesalazine therapy on histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa. The treatment was performed on 18 dogs with histopathologically confirmed inflammation of the duodenum and the jejunum. The animals were administered mesalazine at 12.5 mg/kg b.w. bid over a six-week period. The dogs investigated were diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gastritis with intense lymphocytic/plasmocytic infiltration. In 83% of the dogs, intestinal metaplasia had been noted in bioptates before examination. The results of macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed that the applied treatment had a positive effect on gastric mucosal morphology. Cellular infiltration of the gastric mucosa was significantly inhibited, most probably, due to the anti-inflammatory effect of mesalazine.
The experiment was carried out on 29 hybrids (21 barrows and 8 gilts) of Duroc sows with wild boar (Sus scrofa ferus L.). All the animals were fed (ad libitum with composed fix) from weaning up to the age of approx. 8 months. The samples of Longissimus lumborum for histopathological study were collected 45 min after slaughter and were frozen with liquid nitrogen. Microscopic preparations were stained according to the Van Gieson method. The following types of histopathological changes were accounted for: changes in fibre size (fibre atrophy, hypertrophy – giant fibres), changes in fibre shape (triangular, trapezoid and elongated fibres), degenerative changes of fibres (necrosis plus phagocytosis, fibre splitting) and connective tissue hypertrophy. Most often appearing pathological change in the muscle was fiber atrophy. It was observed in all animals. The other changes appeared with greater frequency in gilts. Percentage of particular pathological changes was low, 95.84% of normal fibers were found.
Dependencies of heavy metal concentrations in organs of Tree Sparrow nestlings (Passer montanus), and growth and histopathological changes of these organs in polluted and control (unpolluted) environments of Białystok (53°06' N, 23°10' E; 300,000 inhabitants, NE Poland) were investigated. The highest concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb were found in the liver and kidneys in both environments. Pb concentrations in the polluted areas were highest in the lung and spleen. Comparatively high amounts of Cu and Cd accumulated in pectoral muscles. In all organs the highest concentrations of Fe and lowest of Cd and Pb were found in polluted areas compared with unpolluted ones. Differences of Zn concentrations in nestling organs from both areas were not significant. Concentrations of investigated elements increased during postembryonal development in all organs in both areas. Interactions between Fe and Zn with Cd and Pb were most commonly noticed in the liver, kidneys and lung. Nestlings from the unpolluted areas reached maximum body mass at about the 12th day of their life and biomass gain was more intensive compared with nestlings from the polluted areas, which reached their maximum body mass just before flight from the nests. They grew slower and body mass gain took place until the time of flight from their nests. Differences in the growth and development of nestlings from both areas can be explained by the concentration of toxic heavy metals in the polluted areas. Histopathological changes of nestlings, mainly in their livers, kidneys and lung, were found in both areas. The level of these changes was more intensive in the polluted areas. This state should be connected with the higher concentration of toxic heavy metals in these areas and also with the heredity of diseases causing histopathological abnormalities.
Pathomorphological changes of intestine, liver, spleen and adrenals of rats experimentally infected with Hymenolepis diminuta are described 24 days post infection. Major structural alterations in intestinal wall include lesions of the mucosa, fusions of villi, damage of the epithelial layer and its replacement by flattened cells with pycnotic nuclei. In addition, tunica muscularis and tunica submucosa become thicker and there are numerous lymphocytes among enterocytes. At moderate infections, the changes in the spleen indicate activation of the lymphopoiesis and enhanced protective functions while, in heavily infected rats, the B zone of the spleen showed signs of emaciation. Liver histology of infected rats showed dilatation of sinusoids and the presence of destructive alterations in the parenchyma, necrotic cells and cells with pycnotic nuclei; in heavily infected animals, the necrotic cells were grouped in foci. In adrenal glands, alterations concern mostly zona fascicularis, which is interpreted as mobilization of cytoplasmic lipid inclusions in order to increase the intensity of the steroid hormone synthesis. The degree and character of histopathological changes depended on the intensity of infection.
Neospora caninum is transmitted from a cow to its foetus by vertical transmission and the timing of infection in gestation is an important factor in determining the disease outcome. Few studies have explored the role of the placenta in the outcome of N. caninum infection during pregnancy. Here, we described the N. caninum presence, parasite load, local immune response, and histopathological lesions at the materno-foetal interface after infection of BALB/c mice at early and late stages of gestation. In mice infected at early gestation, N. caninum DNA was detected in foetoplacentary units 7 days post-infection (PI) and in the placenta, but not in viable foetuses on day 14 PI, indicating that the parasite was multiplying primarily in the placental tissues without reaching the foetus. Moreover, parasite DNA was detected in resorptions, suggesting that foetal death could be a consequence of infection. An increase in IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 expression was observed in N. caninum PCR-positive placentas, which could favour N. caninum foetal transmission and be harmful to both the placenta and the foetus. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis affecting both the maternal and foetal sides of the placenta. At late gestation, transmission occurred rapidly following infection (day 3 PI), but parasite were rarely found. In addition, an increase in cytokine expression was observed in spleen and placental tissues from infected animals, while a downregulation in IL-4 expression was only observed in the spleen. Finally, necrosis in the placenta was limited to the maternal side, suggesting that the parasite is mainly multiplying in the placental tissue at this stage. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that the placenta may be actively involved in N. caninum pathogenesis.
The presence of an Eimeria sp. was found in adult large-scaled gurnards Lepidotrigla cavillone (Lacepède, 1801) from the Novigrad Sea, in Croatia. The detection of Eimeria sp. in the pyloric caeca and intestines of the large-scaled gurnards is also the first report of the parasite in this fish species. The analysis of histopathological changes in the digestive tract led to the conclusion that the parasite could be a serious pathogen in heavily infected large-scaled gurnards.
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