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The phagocyte-stimulatory properties of plants from Compositae family were studied. The extracts of Compositae family exhibit the stimulatory effect on the reticuloendothelial system. These properties depend on dose as well as the solubility of extract.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary herbal extracts derived from garlic (Allium sativum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), nettle (Urtica dioica), purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), or thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on the performance indices and oocyst output in broilers experimentally infected with 190 000 oocysts of Eimeria spp. on day 12 of age. A total of 400 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks was randomly allocated into 10 groups with 5 replicates (cages) of 8 chickens per replicate. Two of the groups, one challenged and the other not, were given a basal maize-soyabean meal diet without any additives; one of the challenged groups was administered a basal diet with the coccidiostat diclazuril (1 mg · kg−1) and the remaining birds of the infected groups were given a diet supplemented with one of the tested herbal extracts at a level of 750 mg · kg−1. Throughout the 42 days of the experiment, performance parameters, mortality, oocyst output, and slaughter indices were recorded. Among the tested herbal extracts, in the first rearing period (9 d post infection), only garlic and sage extracts alleviated the negative effect of infection, as shown by the increase in body weight gain to the level recorded in the coccidiostat-supplemented group and, in the case of garlic extract, by lower mortality. In the second and entire experimental period, dietary supplementation with the herbal extracts improved the growth performance of infected chickens to the level obtained in the groups infected and fed the coccidiostat or the uninfected and unsupplemented ones, but there was no positive effect of extracts on oocyst output. It is concluded that the herbal extracts tested in the current study do not prevent coccidiosis induced by high-pathogenic field Eimeria spp., although they have a beneficial effect on recovery after infection, which was expressed by the favourable impact on compensatory growth and, thus, on the final performance indices.
The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Biotype A: Hem.: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests in Iran. The development of alternative methods that are not chemical applications, is necessary in pest management for the sake of human health and for the safety of the environment. In this research project, the effect of four herbal compounds Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae), Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae), Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) on the same biological parameters of cotton whitefly were compared with the insecticides azadirachtin and pymetrozin. The results showed significant differences between herbal compounds and insecticides on: egg longevity (F6, 39 = 2.96, p < 0.05), pupa longevity (F6, 37 = 4.49, p < 0.01) and adult longevity (F6, 31 = 4.47, p < 0.01); egg mortality (F6, 39 = 6.71, p < 0.001), total egg mortality (F6, 39 = 6.71, p < 0.001), sex ratio (female) (F6, 30 = 3.49, p < 0.01), oviposition period (F6,31 = 7.50, p < 0.001) and total fecundity/female (F6, 31 = 8.23, p < 0.001). These results indicated that a fumitory extract and pymetrozin had the best effect on longevity and mortality, respectively. According to the results, the fumitory had a noticeable effect on the different life stages of the sweet potato whitefly.
Two complete diets for weaned piglets were analyzed. Control diet I was composed of soybean meal, ground barley, ground wheat, premix and acids. Experimental diet II was supplemented with 0.1% Vilocym, a blend of herbal extracts (Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Solanum nigrum) and sodium-calcium aluminosilicates. Nutrient digestibility was determined by a simple balance method, on 16 young barrows [(Polish Large White x Polish Landrace) x Duroc] with average initial body weight of 25 kg, assigned to two dietary treatments. A five-day experimental period proper was preceded by a seven-day adjustment period. A production trial was carried out on a pig farm, and it involved 240 weaners with average initial body weight of 20.5 kg, divided into two groups. Each group comprised four pens, with 30 animals per pen. The experiment lasted 30 days. Dietary supplementation with herbal extracts and aluminosilicates improved the digestibility of crude fat, total protein and organic matter. Weaned piglets fed Vilocym were characterized by higher daily gains than control group animals (725 g vs. 665 g, P ≤ 0.05). Feed consumption per kg body weight gain was significantly lower in group II (2.14 g/kg vs. 2.33 g/kg, P ≤ 0.05).
Badano wpływ wodnych ekstraktów z wybranych roślin na wzrost kolonii drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Jako podłoże hodowlane stosowano brzeczkę piwną zestaloną agarem z dodatkiem 1 cm3 odpowiedniego wyciągu ziołowego. Po inkubacji (30°C, 48h) określono wielkość wyrosłych kolonii drożdży. Stwierdzono dodatni wpływ ekstraktów z szałwii i rdestu na wzrost badanego szczepu drożdży piwowarskich - zwiększenie średnicy kolonii w granicach 45 - 75%. Wykazano także korzystne oddziaływanie ekstraktów z szałwii i tataraku na drożdże piwowarskie. Wyciągi z aloesu, tataraku i tymianku posiadały statystycznie istotny wpływ hamujący na wzrost drożdży gorzelniczych (redukcja średnicy kolonii od 21 do 62%). Jedynie ekstrakty tymiankowe oddziaływały negatywnie na rozwój kolonii wszystkich trzech badanych ras drożdży. Stosowane w doświadczeniach handlowe susze ziołowe (mięta, rdest, rumianek i arcydzięgiel) były skażone mikrobiologiczne, głównie florą bakteryjną (39 do 93∙104 kolonii/1 g).
W wybranych ziołach jedno- i wieloskładnikowych, wyciągach wodnych z tych ziół (w naparach i odwarach) oraz w płynnych postaciach leków ziołowych oznaczono zawartość niklu za pomocą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej.
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the anticoccidial efficacy of supplementing feeds with herbal extract blend containing garlic (Allium sativum), sage (Salvia officinalis), echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) extracts in broiler chickens experimentally infected with 170.000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima and E. necatrix at 12 days of age. A total of 280 Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 7 replicates of 8 chickens per replicate. The experimental dietary treatments were formulated by supplementing the basal maize-soyabean meal diet. The experimental design allocated the groups as follows: 1. uninfected birds and an unsupplemented diet; 2. uninfected birds and the diet supplemented with the herbal extract blend at a level of 1 g/kg feed (200 mg of each herbal extract/kg); 3. infected birds and an unsupplemented diet; 4. infected birds and a diet with the addition of coccidiostat diclazuril at a level of 1 mg/kg feed; and 5. infected birds and a diet supplemented with the herbal extract blend at a level of 1 g/kg feed (200 mg of each herbal extract/kg). Throughout the 42 days of the experimental period, performance parameters, mortality, lesion score, oocyst output, and serum carotenoid concentration were recorded. Dietary supplementation with the herbal extract blend increased growth performance to the level found in the group fed the coccidiostat and in the non-challenged groups. The number of oocysts per gram of excreta did not differ significantly between the groups fed the herbal extract blend and the group receiving the coccidiostatic supplement. The herbal extract blend had no effect on mortality, lesion score, with the exception of the duodenum, or blood carotenoid concentration.
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