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The paper presents operation examination results of a heating system equipped with a heat pump, manufactured by the Sekut company, equipped with a scroll type compressor. The performed statistical analysis has shown a significant influence of external temperature and heat transfer coefficient to the COP value. Within the analysed period, the COP maintained a level of 2.6 at an average monthly temperature of -6°C, with a transfer coefficient of 15%.
The article is devoted to temperature changes in the ground massif with the horizontal heat exchanger as an energy source for a heat pump. The article was aimed at analyzing temperature changes in the ground massif with the horizontal heat exchanger at the beginning, in the course of and at the end of the heating season. Another aim was to analyze temperature differences in the area of the horizontal exchanger and the reference lot. The heat flow utilized in the evaporator of heat pump was extracted from the ground exchanger (nominal output at the condenser was 10.5 kW). Temperatures of the ground massif with the horizontal heat exchanger were measured in its plane in depths of 0.75 m, 0.5 m and 0.25 m. The temperature inside the ground massif on the reference lot and ambient parameters were measured as well. It is obvious that the difference of energetic potentials inside the ground massif with the heat exchanger and on the reference lot is insignificant at the beginning of the heating season. During the heating season, the difference of ground massif energetic potentials increases; at the end it is constant. The difference of temperatures in horizontal planes was not significant at the beginning of the heating season; however, it gradually increased. Maximum differences were detected in the area of the heat exchanger. In higher strata, the difference between temperatures decreases. During a major part of the heating season, temperatures at pipes of the ground exchanger were negative. This fact affected amounts of heat extracted from the ground massif.
The heat obtained and converted from cowshed ventilation air was studied using an installation for heat recovery composed of a 3 kW fan coil unit with an output of 100 m3 ∙ h-1 and heat pumps with a capacity of 8 kW. The heat amounting to 0.346 GJ · day-1 was used to heat water in a 200dm3 buffer tank. Energy inputs averaged 47.34 kWh per day, and the efficiency index during the period was COP = 2.005. Measurements were performed from August to October and data from the heat meter and the thermometer were read at the same time every day. To increase the installation's efficiency (COP), it is necessary to increase the removal of heat. This is possible by means of additional heaters or a boiler for hot water, and by reducing the performance of the fan coil's circulation pump and decreasing the fluid flow rate to 0.3 m ∙ h-1 .
Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the work is the analysis of possibilities of using different renewable energy sources (RES) in tourism facilities and the effects caused by such installations. Materials and methods: Empirical material is formed by tourist objects of different scale of service provision in which RES have functioned for several years and the users are able to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the applied solutions. Results: It was noted that depending on the type and location of an object and the demand for energy one may select such a source and method of conversion into usable energy which to the greatest degree fulfils these needs. Solar energy deserves special attention as the greatest potential occurs during the period of increased tourist traffic. Furthermore, solar energy may be processed into heat and electric energy including island systems. Conclusions: RES installations concern energy for tourist objects which has economic and environmental impact and furthermore they constitute tourist attraction. For objects located far from electricity grid they may constitute the basic source of energy.
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The paper deals with assessment of thermal fields and temperature changes in ground massif with horizontal heat exchanger used as a heat source for a heat pump. Temperatures in the zone of the horizontal ground exchanger are compared with temperatures in a reference land. Changes of heat potential of the soil during the heating period are also assessed. Possibilities of recovery of thermal potential of the ground massif when utilizing vertical and horizontal exchangers are analyzed in the opening part of the paper. The results of the first verification indicated that average temperatures in the horizontal planes of the ground massif did not differ considerably with distance from the exchanger tube. Differences in average temperatures in reference and experimental lands confirmed sufficient heat potential of the ground massif even at the peak of the heating period. The differences in average temperatures reached up to 6.51 K in the end of the heating period while at the beginning of the heating period, the differences in average temperatures dropped to 1.35 K. The differences between maximum and minimum temperatures in the zone of the ground exchanger reached up to 1.9 K at the peak of the heating period and rose to 3.9 K at the beginning and end of the heating period. The first results of our measurements indicate the necessity of accumulation of thermal energy in the soil massif in the summer period like in case of the vertical exchangers.
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Rural houses heating costs

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Average full (including capital, operation and maintenance costs) annual heating costs in a standard family house with 180 m2 of floor surface are compared for various heating systems under the Polish economic conditions. The compared heating technologies comprise water to water and ground loop heat pumps with both vertical and horizontal loops, a liquid gas combustion furnace, an earth gas combustion furnace, a coal combustion furnace, a straw combustion furnace, a wood combustion furnace and an electric stove. A sensitivity analysis with regard to the interest rate and the value of owner’s work did not change the general conclusion that in most cases heat pumps were the cheapest, while oil and coal burning furnaces or an electric boiler the most expensive solutions. The cost of own labour was decisive for the appraisal of labour intensive systems.
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