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We show that force plate measurements provide a noninvasive method to display the motion of the heart muscle and the subsequent propagation of the pulse wave along aorta and its branches. The aim of this paper is to present a new method to handle multivariate time series obtained by force plate measurements. The proposed technique is subsequently used to display marks of cardiac activity.
The effects of calmidazolium, carbachol and membrane permeable derivatives of cGMP (dipalmitoyl cGMP and 8-Bromo cGMP) on the longitudinal internal resistivity (Ri) were studied in the rabbit atiial trabeculae by means of electrophysiological recording techniques and histological planimetry. Calmidazolium as well as carbachol decreased Ri whereas cGMP-derivatives enhanced this resistivity. The effect of calmidazolium suggested that calmodulin reduced the cell coupling under control conditions. Carbachol decreased the Ca-inward current, and probably it prevented the calmodulin activation. The action of the nucleotides showed that cGMP did not mediate the cholinergic effect on the cell coupling. The possible interaction between calmodulin and cGMP was discussed.
Rhythm and conductivity disturbances in heart muscle, change in autonomic system function and raised arterial blood pressure have been described in workers exposed to lead. They may be accompanied by changes in echocardiography test and accordingly we undertook this investigation. The study population included employees of zinc and lead steelworks in the south of Poland that were divided into 2 groups: exposed to lead compounds (n=88) and the reference group - administration workers (n=55) with normal levels of lead concentration in blood (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin in blood. Left ventricular enddiastolic dimension (LVDd), interventricular septal and posterior wall thickness, right ventricular diastolic, left atrium diameter, aortic diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) in echocardiograms were performed. Left ventricular mass LVM (g) and left ventricular mass index LVMI (g/m2) was calculated. In the group exposed to lead, EF decreased by 3%, increased LVDd by 6%, and raised LVM by 11% and LVMI by 10%. There was a positive relation between PbB and LVDd (R=0.18) and between PbB and LVM (R=0.14). Decreased EF, enlargement of the left ventricle and raised left ventricle mass in research undertaken, may be a result of raised arterial blood tension.
The serum level of the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-ß1) is elevated after acute bouts of exercise and prolonged training, as well as after myocardial infarction. However, the source of this increase remains unclear. Contracting skeletal muscles are known to be the source of many cytokines. To determine whether skeletal or heart muscles produce TGF-ß1 during exercise, we investigated the effect of a single bout of acute exercise on TGF-ß1 generation in skeletal and heart muscles in untrained rats (UT, n=30) and in rats subjected to prolonged (6-week) endurance training (T, n=29). The UT and T (a day after final training) groups were subjected to an acute bout of exercise with the same work load. Rats from both groups were sacrificed and skeletal and heart muscle samples were collected before (pre), immediately after (0 h), or 3 hours (3 h) after acute exercise. TGF-ß1 mRNA was quantified by RT-PCR in these samples, and basal TGF-ß1 protein levels were determined in skeletal muscle in the UTpre and Tpre subgroups by ELISA. Acute exercise caused a non-significant increase in TGF-ß1 mRNA in skeletal muscle in UT0h rats, in compare to UTpre rats. There was a significant decrease of TGF-ß1 mRNA in the T0h group (p=0.0013) in compare to Tpre rats. Prolonged training caused a significant increase in TGF-ß1 mRNA (p=0.02); however, the TGF-ß1 protein level decreased (p=0.02). In heart muscle, there was a significant decrease of TGF-ß1 mRNA in UT0h (p=0.01) and UT3h (p=0.04) compared to UTpre rats. TGF-ß1 mRNA levels were unchanged in T0h and T3h compared to Tpre; basal TGF-ß1 mRNA expression after training was also unchanged (UTpre vs. Tpre). We conclude that physical exercise is a potent stimulus for inducing TGF-ß1 gene expression in skeletal muscle, but does not increase the protein level. Thus, skeletal and heart muscle do not contribute to increased serum levels of TGF-ß1 after physical exercise.
The aim of the study was to define the effect of pharmacological doses of melatonin, an agent known to be a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, on the extracellular matrix composition (glycosaminoglycans and collagen) in the infarcted heart scar. Rats were administered with melatonin at doses of 300 µg/100 g b.w. or 3 mg/100 g b.w. once daily (between 5:00 and 6:00 in the afternoon) or with 1.5 mg/100 g b.w. twice daily (between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning and additionally between 5:00 and 6:00 in the afternoon). The levels of collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and some oxidative stress markers (lipid oxidation, the content of sulphydryl groups in proteins and glutathione) were evaluated. In the second part of the experiment, cells were isolated from the scar, identified as myofibroblasts, cultured and treated with melatonin at concentrations ranging from 10-7M to 10-10M. The pineal indoleamine was seen to reduce the GAG content of the scar, while the collagen content of the scar remained unchanged. A 10-7M concentration of melatonin caused an increase in the GAG level in the myofibroblast cultures, while lower concentrations (10-8M-10-10M) of pineal indoleamine were not effective. Melatonin decreased lipid oxidation and increased the sulphydryl groups of total proteins and glutathione, which suggests its antioxidative activity in the applied doses. The present study shows that pharmacological doses of melatonin reduce the GAG level in an infarcted heart scar. Since the mechanism of GAG content reduction cannot be explained by direct action of the pineal indoleamine on myofibroblasts in the myocardial infarction scar, we hypothesise that changes in GAG content could be indirectly induced by melatonin, that is caused by changes in regulatory systems or reduction of the inflammatory reaction in the area of the infarction. In addition, this paper shows that long-term treatment with melatonin of rats affected by myocardial infarction may reduce oxidative stress in the infarction area.
Zbadano zawartość rtęci w mięśniach piersiowych, wątrobie, nerkach, mięśniu sercowym i płucach 17 orłów bielików padłych w Polsce w latach 1991-1995. Dorosłe bieliki pochodzące z obszaru Wolińskiego Parku Narodowego i jego okolic zawierały względnie większe stężenie rtęci aniżeli okazy z innych rejonów kraju.
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