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Приведены этапы усовершенствования, строение и принцип функционирования адаптированных рабочих органов транспортно-технологических систем корнеуборочной машины, которая предназначена для одновременного уборки корнеплодов сахарной, кормовой, столовой свеклы и моркови. На основе идентификации объектов исследование (существующих типов копачей и очистителей вороху корнеплодов) определено основные пути и принципы разработки, или алгоритм построения конструктивно-компоновочной схемы адаптированной корнеуборочной машины.
Cut-to-length technology for broadleaved species is a novelty in forest operations, also causing various difficulties. The purpose of the study was to find effects of an application of the CTL 40HW head1 for broadleaves mounted on the UTC 150-6LS harvester used in a thinning operation in a birch stand in northern Poland. For this, productivity, the level of damage in the remaining stand and soil disturbances were analysed. The results present a satisfactory outcome: the average productivity was 13.4 m3-h"' (h of operational time). Analysis of the remaining stand showed 4-7% trees with damage. Analysis of the soil on the harvester strip roads showed a bulk density increase of 0.16- -0.21 g em"3. It was also observed that there was lower mean soil moisture after harvesting, though this change was not statistically confirmed. The biggest soil penetration resistance increase was observed after two machine drives: 50% on 30 cm of depth and after a single drive 45% on 10 cm of depth.
The aim of study was to evaluate the efficiency of a mechanical harvest of primo­cane (autumn) raspberry. The harvest was carried out using the tractor-pulled, one- row harvester "Natalia", equipped with four shakers. Two cultivars of raspberry: 'Polka' and 'Polana' were used in the evaluation of the quality of work. One ampli­tude (50 mm) and several frequencies (from 6.7 to 11.7 Hz) of shakers were applied. The following factors were evaluated during the conducted tests: amount of ripe and unripe picked fruits, amount of ripe fruits left on canes, and amount of fruits fallen on ground. The efficiency of mechanical harvest depended on the detachment forces of fruits and applied frequencies of shaker vibrations. Decrease of detachment forces during the vegetation season allowed application of lower shaking frequencies which reduced the percentage of unripe fruits harvested by the machine. Fruit loss on the ground was 1 -5% and was independent of shaking parameters. A better quality of harvest was achieved for the 'Polka' cultivar. Depending on the used harvest parame­ters, 60-80% of 'Polka' fruits were successfully harvested. 'Polana' was characterized by higher detachment forces and significantly lower quality of harvest (50-70%).
In Poland, the demand and availability of high efficiency machines such as harvesters and forwarders has been increasing in the last decade. On the one hand, forestry needs technologies safe for the environment, soil, water, and people. On the other hand, Polish forestry investors and service companies are constantly buying both new and second-hand harvesters and forwarders. The main aim of this paper was to determine the actual number of machines currently used in Poland. The secondary objective was to describe the ownership structure of these machines. Information on the number of forest machines is very important for economic reasons. The Key Performance Indicator (KPI) informs us “where we are” and what tendency and trends we may expect. The number of forest machines needs to be monitored on a regular basis.
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