In Poland, the cases of mushroom-related poisoning constitute 10% of food poisoning cases. Every year, in the mushroom gathering season there are tens of fatal cases of mushroom poisoning. Such tragic statistics show a lack of knowledge about poisonous mushrooms, their toxicity, symptoms of poisoning and even the first aid in cases of poisoning. The authors present the information about the occurrence of poisonous mushrooms, their habitats, toxic effects of the substances contained in the mushrooms, symptoms of poisoning, and ways of administering the first aid.