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1

The use of kernel estimators to determine the distribution of groundwater level

100%

Michalski A.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2016

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tom 04

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nr 1

In this paper the problem of non-parametric estimation of the probability density function for hydrological data is considered. For a given random sample X1, X2, ..., Xn we define an estimator fˆn of the density function ƒ based on a function K of a real variable – the so-called kernel of a distribution – and a properly chosen number sequence {hn} from the interval (0, ∞). This estimator of density function of a random variable X under more general assumptions is known in the statistical literature as the Parzen-Rosenblatt estimator or the kernel estimator. The method of kernel estimation presented in the paper has been applied to determine the probability distribution of the groundwater level based on long-term measurements made in the melioration research carried out at the foothill object Długopole.

2

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Seedling recruitment in peat bogs in contrasting hydrologic conditions

86%

Ejankowski W.

Dendrobiology

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2010

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tom 64

The study examined the effect of variation in hydrology on seedling recruitment of shrubs, trees and herbs in peat bogs. The establishment of plants and hydrologic conditions were followed in two peatlands in the Polesie Zachodnie region, Eastern Poland. Meteorological conditions in the study sites ranged from very dry (2006) to very wet (2007) and strongly affected ground water level in the bogs. The emergence of woody species typical for advanced vegetation succession was higher in forest-bog, while the recruitment of typical peat bog plants was higher in open bog. Disturbance in the vegetation positively influencedemergence of typical peat bog species and Betula pubescens, but the effect was only foundin the dry year. Only in Pinus sylvestris did recruitment increase in wet seasons. The results suggested that an increase in the number of woody species in peat bogs may be enhanced during relatively wet seasons and that disturbance in the vegetation cover are not required for seedling recruitment of these plants.

3

The changes of surface and ground water level on the effect of regulated outflow

86%

Grzywna A., Kowalczyk-Jusko A., Jozwiakowski K.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2017

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tom 49

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nr 4

4

Micromorphological characteristics of the Bsm horizon in soils with bog iron ore

86%

Kaczorek D., Zagorski Z.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2007

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tom 40

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nr 1

The study focused on determining the micromorphological features of the Bsm horizon in a soil with bog iron ore. The study site is located within an ancient terrace of the Vistula River valley in the Wilanów district of Warsaw. The studied horizon comprised three layers with different microstructure and mineral compositions. The upper Bsm layer contained a complex microstructure consisting of aggregates, fragments of ferrihydrite and a low quantity of quartz grains. The middle Bsm layer consisted of a massive microstructure comprising densely packed goethite, ferrihydrite, amorphic iron oxides and single quartz grains. The lower layer of Bsm consisted of quartz grains (approx. 75%) and amorphic iron compounds concentrated in the pores between grains, resulting in a massive microstructure. The massive microstructure points to an intense and continuous process of iron compounds accumulation. The lower layer was the boundary layer through which iron was transported into the middle layer by capillary rise.

5

Maximum recessions of shallow groundwater level in central Poland

72%

Tomalski P.

Geographia Polonica

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2010

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tom 83

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nr 1

6

Hydrological background of the dune slack vegetation in the Kiskunság

72%

Margoczi K., Szanyi J., Aradi E., Busa-Fekete B.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2007

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nr 38

105-113

In the southern Kiskunság the natural vegetation (sand steppe, fen meadow, fen or marsh and alkali vegetation) survived in the dune slack meadows (DSM). The vegetation of these meadows are species rich, and has high natural value. The main goal of this study is to reveal the hydrological backgrounds in order to help conservation of the natural values. Two DSM was investigated (MM and CS site): vegetation was sampled, observation wells were planted, and data of other wells in similar position were used to describe the hydrological background of the vegetation. The characteristic groundwater level of the same vegetation type in the relatively wet 2005 year was higher in MM site, than in the CS site. We suppose, that this is a consequence of the earlier vegetation change because of the strong decrease of groundwater level in the region of MM site. The model of hydraulic fl ow system showed that the DSMs are situated in hydraulic discharge zones. We suppose, that an upward fl ow plays an important role in development of alkali vegetation in the CS site. Cross-correlation coeffi cient between groundwater and previous precipitation indicated a quick infi ltration of rainwater into the soil, and a pressure front of the groundwater stream reaching the area of well after 22–23 days after rainfall. The quick and strong regional hydrological changes, especially the decrease of groundwater level would endanger this valuable vegetation, but certain resistance and plasticity of it is rather possible.

7

Annual runoff coefficient in the Cerhovický Stream catchment

72%

Vlckova M., Nechvatal M., Soukup M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2009

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nr 13b

8

Impact of a road crossing on groundwater level in a river valley

72%

Mioduszewski W.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2008

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nr 12

9

Matematyczny model dynamiki poziomu wody gruntowej jako podstawa projektowania obiektów inżynierskich

72%

Kazieko H., Kazieko L.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura

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2004

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tom 03

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nr 2

10

Towards a simple integrated model for the re-wetting of nature reserves

72%

Hellegers P. J. G. J., Witte J.-P. M.

International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology

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2002

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tom 02

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nr 1-4

In the Netherlands hydrological measures are taken to raise the groundwater level in nature reserves that are suffering from groundwater levels that are to low, i.e. from ‘desiccation’. These measures often lead to wet damage to agriculture in adjacent areas. There is, however, a lack of insight into these costs in relation to the benefits to nature. In this study a simple model prototype is presented in which economy, ecology and hydrology are integrated. The model provides insight into the cost-effectiveness of restoration projects that reduce desiccation of nature reserves. It shows that the current policy goal to reduce the desiccated surface area will not maximize the increase in the ecological conservation value.

11

Functionality assessment of soil trophy index [ITGL] and vascular plant ecological indicator for site quality diagnosis in a sand mine excavation

72%

Pietrzykowski M., Krzaklewski W.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2006

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tom 05

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nr 1

12

Water relations during two hydrological years in swampy areas in the Siemianice Forest Experimental Station

58%

Krysztofiak A. T., Miler A. T.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2008

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nr 06

In recent years researchers have focused increasingly on climatic changes taking place in nature (increasing air temperature, decreasing precipitation totals). These imply changes in components of water balances and in practice changes in water relations both on the global and local scale. At present site overdrying is considered to be the biggest threat [Pierzgalski 2007]. The aim of the study is to present water relations in the forest swampy areas in a forest district (the Marianka Forest District) of the Siemianice Forest Experimental Station in hydrological years of 2005 and 2006. The investigations showed that analysed catchments, despite being located in swampy areas, are characterized by periods of water depletion in ditches. In analysed watercourses runoff was recorded from mid-November 2004 to the beginning of June 2005, while in the next hydrological year it was recorded again from mid-November, but this time longer to mid-June 2006. In relation to ground water of the catchment area a predictable relationship was observed of the water table level at the locations of observation wells. The wells located in the top sections of the catchment had water table the deepest below the ground level, while wells in valleys had water tables at the most shallow levels. It may also be stated that wells situated in higher areas (watershed), are characterized by a slightly bigger variation in the ground water table during the year than it was the case with wells located at lower points (in valleys). Both analyzed hydrological years (2005 and 2006) showed a similar pattern of ground water table at individual sites. Moreover, a marked cyclicity was recorded in the elevation of the water table, i.e. water level rising in autumn and lowering in summer months (as a result of changes in plant transpiration). The relationship of ground water levels with different forest sites found in the analyzed catchments confirms the dependence on the site moisture level variant. Water was lying at the most shallow levels in the ash-alder swamp forest site – a marshy site, while it was markedly the deepest in fresh mixed coniferous forest sites – a fresh site type. When analyzing changes in the ground water levels in terms of stand age classes we may clearly observe the seasonal variation and similar patterns of changes. Water lay the most shallow in stands of age classes V and VI. The level was significantly deepest in age class IV. The above dependencies pertained both to the hydrological year 2005 and 2006.

13

An attempt to classify groundwater level depth in pine forest stands on fresh sites

58%

Okonski B., Grajewski S., Kayzer D.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2009

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nr 07

The aim of the research described in this paper is to classify groundwater level patterns in pine stands of forest fresh sites. The approach has been employed with the view to facilitate explaining interactions between physiographic characteristics and groundwater dynamics in prospective research. The methods which have been employed so far for explanation of groundwater level dynamics interactions with local physiographic conditions do not let to draw firm conclusions. The classification of groundwater dynamics patterns requires employing more sophisticated methods, because of a relatively extensive range of groundwater dynamics site-to-site variability expressed, e.g., by amplitude and cycle period. The methods of groundwater patterns classification proposed in the literature focused either on hydrogeological criteria or, if related to forest ecosystems, focused on water balance elements in forest habitats. The area selected for investigation represented typical features for the Northern European Lowland forests defined by soil and form of terrain pattern shaped by the last glacial period (Vistulian glaciation) and dominant share of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in stand species composition. The research period covered the 2002-2007 hydrological years. The measurement used in analysis covered 35 sites equipped with measurement wells.

14

Wplyw projektowanego zbiornika malej retencji na stany wod podziemnych w jego otoczeniu

58%

Chalfen M., Czamara A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2007

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tom 06

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nr 4

3-16

15

Efektywność produkcyjna wody zużytej w produkcji biomasy wybranych gatunków traw

58%

Lipinska H.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura

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2006

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tom 05

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nr 2

45-56

Przedmiotem badań była ocena efektywności produkcyjnej wody badanych gatunków traw w warunkach zróżnicowanego poziomu wody gruntowej i składu gatunkowego mieszanki traw. Efektywność produkcyjną wody określono w oparciu o wyniki badań lizymetrycznych prowadzonych w latach 2001-2003. Do badań wybrano obiekty z Poa pratensis, Phleum pratense i Lolium perenne w siewie czystym i mieszanki P. pratensis z Ph. pratense oraz P. pratensis z L. perenne. Trawy rozwijały się w warunkach stałego poziomu wody gruntowej 50 i 90 cm. Na wszystkich obiektach stosowano jednakowy poziom nawożenia mineralnego. Przedstawione wyniki dowodzą, ze średnia za okres wegetacyjny efektywność produkcyjna wody w warunkach Sosnowicy wahała się od 1,6 do 3,2 g s.m.·m⁻²·dm⁻³ wody i była zróżnicowana w zależności od składu botanicznego runi i poziomu wody gruntowej. Przy niższym (90 cm) poziomie wody gruntowej najwyższą efektywnością odznaczały się zbiorowiska dwugatunkowe, natomiast w warunkach wyższego poziomu (50 cm do lustra wody) – P. pratensis i jej mieszanka z Ph. pratense. Najmniej efektywnie woda była wykorzystywana przez ruń L. Perenne. Utrzymywanie wysokiego poziomu wody gruntowej powodowało zmniejszenie efektywności produkcyjnej wody. Stwierdzono istotne zależności pomiędzy wysokością plonu a efektywnością produkcyjną wody.

16

Sprawnosc drenowania gleb ornych w Sudetach Srodkowych

58%

Kostrzewa S., Peczkowski G., Strzelczyk M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2004

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tom 03

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nr 1

73-79

17

Wilgotnosc gleb organicznych w okresach suszy atmosferycznej oraz wplyw zbiorowisk roslinnych na wilgotnosc gleb

58%

Jaros H.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 519

127-136

Wilgotność gleby w okresie suszy atmosferycznej na łąkach kośnych, w szuwarach trzcinowych i w szuwarach turzycowych, w strefie korzeniowej gleby, posiada zbliżone wartości (69,2-70,7% objęt.). Wyższe wilgotności w tej strefie (72,8 i 74,3% objęt.) występowały na terenach zakrzewionych i olsach. W strefie aeracji najniższa wilgotność występowała na łąkach kośnych (70,9% objęt.), na pozostałych zbiorowiskach roślinnych wartości były do siebie zbliżone (74,4-76,9% objęt.). Przedział zmienności wyników wynosi ok. 20-30% objętości. W okresie suszy atmosferycznej najniższe wilgotności w strefie korzeniowej i w strefie aeracji występowały na glebach murszowo-torfowych płytkich. Na pozostałych glebach: torfowych, torfowych okresowo przesychajacych, torfowo-mułowych i murszowo-torfowych okresowo zabagnianych, występują zbliżone wilgotności od 71,3 do 74,1% objętości. W strefie aeracji wilgotność była o ok. 3-4% objętości wyższa. Przedział zmienności wyników jest znacznie mniejszy i wynosi ok. 10-20% objętości. Jeśli na tej samej glebie występuje ols i szuwar turzycowy lub szuwar trzcinowy, to wilgotność gleby w szuwarach jest znacznie niższa w stosunku do wilgotności gleby w olsach. Podobna prawidłowość występowała pomiędzy zakrzewieniami i szuwarem turzycowym. Wilgotność gleby pod szuwarem turzycowym jest mniejsza od wilgotności gleby na terenach zakrzewionych.

18

Wplyw srodlesnego oczka wodnego na stany wod gruntowych w przyleglych siedliskach lesnych

58%

Korytowski M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2006

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tom 05

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nr 2

91-100

19

The concept for protection of flood plain forests in the Uroczysko Warta forest district

58%

Kaminski B., Miler A. T., Grajewski S., Okonski B., Schwartz K.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2010

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nr 11

Flood plain forests are the richest and highly picturesque forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, river regulation and flood control contribute to their degradation. In Poland only 0.2% of total area is covered by flood plain forests. The Uroczysko Warta forest district constitutes one of the most important clusters of these sites. The construction of the Jeziorsko reservoir in the middle course of the Warta River has contributed to changes in the river regime (reduced flooding areas and decreased flooding frequency). It seems that the use of simple land improvement systems, i.e. gates, river bars and culverts with flap check valves, may result in the recreation of advantageous hydrological conditions. In such a case storage volume of oxbow lakes would be increased and ground water would be maintained at a higher level over longer periods of time. This study presents a concept for protection of the Uroczysko Warta, thanks to the construction of appropriate engineering infrastructure.

20

Seasonal behavior and spatial fluctuations of groundwater levels in long-term irrigated agriculture: the case of a sugar estate

58%

Dinka M. O., Loiskandl W., Ndambuki J. M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2013

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tom 22

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nr 5

This paper presents results on the spatial and temporal fluctuations of the groundwater table depth (GWTD) at Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE). Accordingly, spatial maps of GWTD were produced in a GIS (ArcView 3.3) environment from 35 groundwater monitoring piezometers. Results of the study revealed that WSSE, after nearly 60 years of irrigation, is experiencing a serious waterlogging problem. The groundwater (GW) depth is extremely shallow (<1 m below ground) in most of the piezometers throughout the entire season and showed great spatio-seasonal variability. The rate of annual increment of GW rise, coupled with seasonal fluctuation, has obvious repercussions and grave consequences for the sustainability of WSSE in particular and to the region in general. Unless the potential causes for the rise of GWTD are identified soon and feasible corrective measures for mitigating GW rise are introduced, severe crises in the region are inevitable.

Ograniczanie wyników

The use of kernel estimators to determine the distribution of groundwater level

Seedling recruitment in peat bogs in contrasting hydrologic conditions

The changes of surface and ground water level on the effect of regulated outflow

Micromorphological characteristics of the Bsm horizon in soils with bog iron ore

Maximum recessions of shallow groundwater level in central Poland

Hydrological background of the dune slack vegetation in the Kiskunság

Annual runoff coefficient in the Cerhovický Stream catchment

Impact of a road crossing on groundwater level in a river valley

Matematyczny model dynamiki poziomu wody gruntowej jako podstawa projektowania obiektów inżynierskich

Towards a simple integrated model for the re-wetting of nature reserves

Functionality assessment of soil trophy index [ITGL] and vascular plant ecological indicator for site quality diagnosis in a sand mine excavation

Water relations during two hydrological years in swampy areas in the Siemianice Forest Experimental Station

An attempt to classify groundwater level depth in pine forest stands on fresh sites

Wplyw projektowanego zbiornika malej retencji na stany wod podziemnych w jego otoczeniu

Efektywność produkcyjna wody zużytej w produkcji biomasy wybranych gatunków traw

Sprawnosc drenowania gleb ornych w Sudetach Srodkowych

Wilgotnosc gleb organicznych w okresach suszy atmosferycznej oraz wplyw zbiorowisk roslinnych na wilgotnosc gleb

Wplyw srodlesnego oczka wodnego na stany wod gruntowych w przyleglych siedliskach lesnych

The concept for protection of flood plain forests in the Uroczysko Warta forest district

Seasonal behavior and spatial fluctuations of groundwater levels in long-term irrigated agriculture: the case of a sugar estate