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The topsoil (1 - 6 cm) water content measured by gravimetric and reflectometric methods (TDR) in fields with different crops (556 pairs of data) were analysed. Mean values of the topsoil water content in the individual fields as measured by means of the TDR method differed from the measurement by the gravimetric method by from 1 to 14 %. Differences in the coefficients of variability were up to 35 %. The correlation coefficient for all the results of the two methods was 0.889 and the mean square error - 2.4 x 10⁻² m³ m⁻³. However, in the case of individual fields the correlation coefficients were lower. It can be gathered from the analyses carried out that the TDR method yielded satisfactory results when the soil water content was higher than 0.17 m³ m⁻³, and the soil bulk density was about 1.35 Mg m⁻³. Spatial distribution of soil water content obtained from the two methods were generally speaking, similar, however significant differences appeared locally as well. In the fields with lower soil bulk density (in average values) and showed higher differentiation, the values of soil water content as measured by the TDR and its spatial differentiation was higher than the one measured by the gravimetric method.
This paper analyses pollen deposition in Lublin (Poland) and Skien (Norway). The studies were conducted in the years 1999 and 2000 using the gravimetric method and a Durham sampler. The study results varied both between years and cities. 10 more plant taxa were identified in Lublin than in Skien. In Lublin the highest airborne pollen concentrations were recorded in April, whereas in Skien in May and July. Betula, Pinaceae and Poaceae were the dominant taxa at the sampling site in Poland, while in Norway these were Pinaceae, Betula and Urtica. During the period of two years, annual pollen sums for most taxa were higher in the conditions of Poland, and the maximum pollen concentrations of Betula and Poaceae were higher in Poland, while for Pinaceae the pollen counts were higher in Norway.
In 1997-1998, annual variations in the concentration of pollen in the atmosphere of Lublin, Poland, were analysed by the volumetric and gravimetric methods. To determine the concentration of pollen, a volumetric VST-trap was used, whereas for pollen fall - a gravimetric Durham trap. The following taxa were chosen for pollen analysis: Alnus, Corylus, Populus, Betula, Poaceae, Rumex, Plantago, Urtica, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia. It was found that the length of pollen season, as well as pollen count increase and decrease tendencies determined by the two methods, were similar. Maximum concentrations of pollen grains occurred on the same dates for arboreous plants, Artemisia and Poaceae in 1997. In the case of other herbal plants, the maximum dates might be different, yet abundant occurrence of pollen grains was registered at the same time.
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