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Corn and wheat starches were segregated into big and small granules. Unsegregated starches and their fractions were phosphorylated with sodium trimetaphosphate. Due to applied modification method, the highest amount of phosphorus was incorporated to small granule fraction of corn starch. The least of the phosphorus was bound by small granule fraction of wheat starch. It was also shown that obtained preparations were characterised by different physico-chemical properties.
Corn and potato starches were physically modified by heating at 130 and 200°C or microwaving. On a basis of the results obtained it was found that upon heating or microwaving the content of amylose decreased and the reduction capacity increased for most of the modified starch preparations and all the preparations had an increased swelling capacity and water solubility. The greatest changes were observed for the preparations heated at 200°C, irrespective of starch. Microwave radiation caused slighlty smaller changes in the properties of starches. In the case of the preparations from potato starch it was observed a considerable increase in specific surface area of granules, an increase in volume of mesopores, and a decrease in their average diameter. The changes in these values were small in the preparations from corn starch.
Annexins belong to a family of Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding proteins that can mediate the aggregation of granules and vesicles in the presence of Ca2+. We have studied the effects of different divalent metal ions on annexin-mediated aggregation of liposomes using annexins isolated from rabbit liver and large unilamellar vesicles prepared from soybean asolectin II-S. In the course of these studies, we have found that annexin-mediated aggregation of liposomes can be driven by various earth and transition metal ions other than Ca2+. The ability of metal ions to induce annexin-mediated aggregation decreases in the order: Cd2+>Ba2+, Sr2+> Ca2+>>Mn2+>Ni2+>>Co2+. Annexin-mediated aggregation of vesicles is more selective to metal ions than the binding of annexins to membranes. We speculate that not every type of divalent metal ion can induce conformational change sufficient to promote the interaction of annexins either with two opposing membranes or with opposing protein molecules. Relative concentration ratios of metal ions in the intimate environment may be crucial for the functioning of annexins within specialized tissues and after treatment with toxic metal ions.
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