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Population parameters of Sitophilus granarius (L.) were measured under various conditions of temperaturę and relative humidity. The range of five examined temperatures (15 to 35°C) had a remarkably stronger effect on all examined parameters than applied range of two relative humidities (75%; 85 or 95% ). The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and the highest finite rate of increase (lambda) were recorded when temperatures of 25 and 30°C were used. The generation time (T) ranged from approximately 10 weeks at 30°C and 75 or 85% RH to approximately 22 weeks when 15°C was used. At 35°C there were no survivors of any immature stages of S. granarius regardless of relative humidity, so population parameters could not be counted. A brief narrative is presented on the potential of these environmental variables for control applications.
Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) belongs to primary stored-product pests and causes extensive economical losses by reducing quantity and quality of the grain and wheat products. The morphological diversity within each of three most common weevil species: S. granarius, S. oryzae and S. zeamais is high. All three species can also feed on different types of grain. The aim of our study was to check the range of molecular diversity between ten populations of S. granarius derived from different sources in Poland, Europe and USA and to compare results with those obtained for some populations of S. oryzae and S. zeamais. For phylogenetic analysis we applied the RAPD technique, which provides DNA markers dispersed throughout the whole genome and are easy to collect and analyse. The phylogenetic analysis of obtained results revealed the high similarity between all populations of granary weevil, European as well as American ones and, simultaneously, considerable diversity between granary weevil and rice and maize weevils.
The artificially made kernels from ground wheat grain, commercial wheat starch and wheat proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors in different proportions were used as feed for adults of the granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.). In the case of larvae of the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum Duv.) and the Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta kuehniella Zell.) the friable feed mixture were used. The survival of S. granarius adults has not been correlated with the soluble proteins extracted from wheat and amylolytic activity located in this protein fraction. On the other hand the weight of dust (the index of feeding intensity) produced during feeding has depended on the presence of α-amylase and trypsin inhibitors in wheat-based feed. A. kuehniella larvae have not developed at all on feed consisted of 50% wheat starch and 50% of crude a-amylase inhibitors from wheat. The same feed has caused 15.1 days of extension in development time of T. confusum larvae. lt attests to specific native enzymatic apparatus existing in alimentary canals of three damaging grain species which can overcome some obstacles even if extremely highly active insect α-amylase inhibitors were present in feed. However, the sufficient nutrient should be available in feed compounds. Nevertheless, some reduction of insects population can be expected.
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