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Analysis of multiple regression of data obtained on 347 donor cows revealed a statistically significant interaction (P<0.001) between FSH drugs and: 1- the age of cows. 2 - month of examination and the number of transferable embryos and month of their yields. 3 – the number of superovulations per cycle and the number of transferable embryos.
The rate of superovulation and embryo production in 120 beef and 177 Black-WhitexHolstein-Fresian (BWxHF) cows treated with a new generation of FSH preparations – Stimufol (Rhone Merieux) and Ovagen (ICP) were compared with those treated with frequently used FSH-P. BWxHF cows treated with Stimufol and Ovagen revealed a significantly higher (P<0.05) number of embryos suitable for a transfer than those treated with FSH-P. In contrast to FSH-P., Stimufol failed to increase the rate of embryo production in Aberdeen-Angus and Limousine cows.
The aim of this study was to assessed the differences in embryos quality between the natural estrus and two systems of estrus synchronization in multiparous sows and prepuberal gilts. In this experiment, multiparous sows (n = 63) and prepuberal gilts (n = 42) were used. The subgroups of these animals were treated with PMSG (1500 U.I.) + hCG (500 U.I.) or PG-600 synchronization systems. These animals were inseminated twice, 24 and 36 h after hCG injection. The control gilts (n = 20) were from the third subgroup and were inseminated two times at 12 h intervals during their natural estrus cycles. A statistically significant increased number of corpora lutea (CL) and embryos was observed between natural estrus and both synchronization systems in multiparous sows (p < 0.001). There were no differences found in the number of degenerative embryos isolated from both ovaries between PMSG + hCG, PG-600, and natural estrus groups in multiparous sows (p = 0.484), (p = 0.279), (p = 0.213), (p = 0.138), respectively. However, an increased number of unfertilized oocytes in multiparous sows after treatment with PMSG + hCG as compared to control animals (p = 0.041) was observed. A statistically higher number of embryos after treatment with PMSG + hCG was also observed in the separate groups of multiparous sows and prepuberal gilts as compared to PG-600 treated animals. No differences were found, however, in the number of degenerative embryos between those two separate groups of animals after treatment with PMSG + hCG and PG-600 of both ovaries: (p = 0.175), (p = 0.344), (p = 0.122), and (p = 0.055), respectively. It can be suggested that the differences in the number of embryos isolated from both ovaries after these two treatments systems in prepuberal gilts and multiparous sows may be a result of age-dependent different response to gonadotropins and the reproductive competence of these females.
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of somatostatin (SST) and its analogs on the release of chromogranin A (CgA) and alpha-subunit (alpha-SU) from clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas incubated in vitro. Seven pituitary macroadenomas surgically removed were investigated. All of the tumors were diagnosed before surgery as non-functioning, but they expressed either gonadotropins or their subunits as detected by immunohistochemistry. Two tumors additionally expressed prolactin and growth hormone. All adenomas also expressed chromogranin A (CgA) and at least 3 of 5 subtypes of somatostatin receptors. The cells isolated from the examined tumors were exposed in vitro to either native SST-14 or the following receptor-specific SST analogs : BIM-23926 (agonist of sst1 receptor), BIM-23120 (agonist of sst2 receptor), BIM-23206 (agonist of sst5 receptor) and BIM23A387 (somatostatin/dopamine chimera). The concentration of CgA was measured by means of ELISA method and of alpha-SU was measured by an immunoradiometric method. It was found that the exposure on SST-14 resulted in the decrease of CgA and alpha-SU release from tumor cells in majority of samples, and the effect on CgA was positively correlated with the expression of sst3 and also with the sst2A/sst2B expressions ratio. The inhibitory effect of SST-14 on CgA and alpha-SU seems also to correlate negatively with the expression of sst2B. CgA inhibition also correlates positively with sst5 expression. Among the other compounds studied, only the sst2 agonist decreased the release in all the investigated samples. The remaining substances (agonists of sst1 and sst5 and SST/DA chimera) produced the divergent changes (increased or decreased release, depending on the sample). The data suggest that the inhibition of CgA (and possibly of alpha-SU) release by SST is mediated via subtypes sst2A, sst3 and sst5, whereas sst2B subtype may induce the opposite effect.
The secretion of gonadotrophins from anterior pituitary cells can be modulated by leptin and signals originating from the immune system, among others, by nitric oxide (NO). There are some studies that have demonstrated a role for leptin and NO in the regulation of FSH in rodents, however, no similar data are available in regard to ewes. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyse the leptin effect on GnRH-induced FSH secretion from the ovine anterior pituitary cells in vitro. Additionally, the influence of leptin on NO release and its role in the GnRH and leptin–modulated secretion of FSH from pituitary gland of ewes was investigated. The obtained results show that the influence of leptin on FSH secretion is biphasic. Leptin in concentration 10-8 and 10-7 M/l significantly enhances, whereas 10-6 and 10-5 M/l of leptin suppresses FSH secretion from the pituitary cells in comparison to the control. The secretion of FSH and NO release under the influence of leptin are in very high positive correlation (r=0.77). The inhibition of NO synthesis with L-NAME, instead, disables leptin from the stimulation of FSH secretion.
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Ghrelin role in hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis

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The aims of this study were to compare two methods of estrus synchronization and to evaluate the effectiveness of the PMSG treatment combined with P4 application. Fifty non-lactating seasonal anestrus fat-tailed ewes were randomly assigned into five groups. The controlled internal drug release devices (CIDR) were applied during day 14 in group I and in group II. Progesterone impregnated sponges were applied during day 14 in group III and in group IV. And then 500 IU PMSG was injected in group I and III i.m. intravaginal devices removed. Ewes in group V served as controls. There was no difference between the groups in the peak value of LH and LH surge. Although LH surge was seen in the control groups 5 sheep, none of the control ewes expressed estrus. Different progestagen treatments have no different results when they are evaluated in terms of the success of the estrus synchronization. PMSG application, after P4 treatment, increased the success of the synchronization.
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