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The report on sustainability initiatives across key sectors in India is written to highlight the current status of existing initiatives and also the future scope of initiatives that would be taken across key sectors in India. The report will showcase macro level information. The general question in travelling in mind would be why sustainability is growing so much in prominence? Quite likely the substitute answer would be to combat the climate change and safeguard the environment. The reason for choosing to write the report on Sustainability would be to increase the prominence of the initiatives that would reach out to various sectors, and hence can benefit the overall Indian sectors as a whole. Since climate change is a global issue, India’s initiatives against climate change in the form of various mitigation and adaptation would count against this climate change as a whole.
Climate change is known to have number effects on plants and animals. Several studies have indicated advances in laying dates of birds in the last ca. 40 years, which could be attributed to air temperatures. The research was conducted in the village of Mokrice, a part of the Hrvatsko Zagorje region (northwestern Croatia). We studied the long-term variation in the laying date of Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica in order to examine their breeding phenology in relation to mean spring temperature. The Barn Swallow is a common bird species in the study area. We found a significant correlation between the first laying date and year. The coefficient of regression (slope = – 0.36) for Barn Swallows indicates an earlier breeding by 0.36 days per year, or 10 days over the period of the study (1979–2007). Our studies suggested that date of clutch initiation in the studied population is influenced by spring temperatures.
Forests are one the main natural factors that regulate and determine climate, weather patterns and amount of CO2 of an area. With rapid industrialization and rapid urbanization there is a significant increase in deforestation and as a consequence rise in global mean surface temperatures. Rapid and unchecked cut down of forest cover has resulted in some of the worst disasters during the last decades. This paper focuses on studying the role of deforestation, its influence on climate change phenomena and its consequences in Pakistan.
Daily precipitation data from 40 stations are used to investigate the temporal variability of precipitation extremes in Estonia. The period covered is 1961–2008, characterized by a uniformity of observational practice. Precipitation extremes are quantified by yearly and seasonal values of two different parameters: daycount indices based on 95th and 99th percentile thresholds. Trend significance was assessed with the Mann-Kendall test. Results show that the frequency of both indices has increased. No significant negative trends were found. An increase of 15.8 events over the 99th percentile per decade was observed for Estonia. The indices selected for this study may be called ‘soft’ climate extremes, but the number of such events is large enough to allow for meaningful trend analysis in a roughly half-century long time series.
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