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It has been found that tegument homogenate of Ascaris lumhricoides suis and also trypsin inhibitor isolated from it induce the Leghorn chick embryos mortality when injected into their yolk sac on 4th, 8th or 13th day of incubation. The trypsin inhibitor is one of important components of Ascaris homogenate causing mortality. There is linear interrelationship between the logarithm of dose of homogenate or trypsin inhibitor and the mortality of chickens in %. A significant decrease of mean mass of chicks injected with Ascaris homogenate or trypsin inhibitor in comparison with control groups was observed. There was more frequent occurrence of developmental abnormalities and pathological changes in groups of hatched chicks which received Ascaris homogenate or inhibitor.
The development of Ascaris suum eggs in the culture containing prostaglandins (PGA, PGB, PGE and PGF) or inhibitors of their synthesis (indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid) was studied. Exposure of eggs to indomethacin (0.2 and 0.5%) or acetylosalicylic acid (1 %) delayed the development. 0.5% acetylsalicylic acid didn't exert any effect. The development was also delayed by PGB, PGE, PGF and higher concentration of PGA. But lower concentration of PGA accelerated embryonic development.
The material consisted of 20 male guinea pigs of body weight 300 ± 50 g. Fifteen of them were infected per os with a dose of 5000 invasive eggs of A. suum. At the 4th, 7th and 20th days of infection the animals were dissected and sections of kidney were taken for histopathological and histochemical studies. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The presence of mucopolisachcarides was detected with the paS method, the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases - with Gomori's method. At the 4th and 7th day of infection an active congestion of the kidney, dilation of blood vessels and changes in the size of epithelial cells of proximal concoluted tubules were observed. The epithelium of the tubules was high, often closing their lumen. Moreover, at the 7th day of infection small ecchymosis was noted. On the sections stained with the paS method a distinct thickening of the basament membrane of the parietal lamellat of Bowman sac was found at the 4th and 7th day of infection, as well as a weaker staining of brush border in main parts of nephrons. A tightening of the vasculary loop of some glomeruli was also noted at the 7th day. At the 20th day of the experiment changes were observed only in single glomeruli in the vasculary loop. At the 4th day of infection an increase in the activity of the acid and alkaline phosphatases was observed in the kidney, followed by a decrease in the activity of both these enzymes at the 7th and 20th day.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the inactivation of Ascaris suum eggs during composting waste from municipal green areas with the addition of sewage sludge from Kneer container technology. Carriers with parasite eggs were placed in the top, medium and bottom layers of the composted biomass. Analyses showed distinct differences in egg inactivation in particular biomass layers. Ascaris suum eggs survived longest at the bottom - from 3 days in the summer cycle to 161 days in the spring cycle. The egg’s elimination rate in the summer cycle was remarkably higher than in the spring. No eggs able to develop further were detected at all the tested layers of the biomass after 4 days, while in spring the survival rate based on a calculation regression lines ranged from 20 to 161 days.
Wzrastające zanieczyszczenie środowiska naturalnego wiąże się ze wzmożoną częstotliwością występowania jego skażeń związkami chemicznymi oraz biologicznymi. Niekorzystna jest obecność w środowisku jaj inwazyjnych wielu pasożytów, w tym jaj z rodzaju Ascaris. Często rozwijają się one w niesprzyjających warunkach biocenotycznych i zachowują swoją inwazyjność przez wiele lat. Z tego względu wprowadza się różne metody związane z ich unieszkodliwianiem mające na celu higienizację substancji odpadowych. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena oddziaływania różnych dawek perhydrolu oraz czasu ekspozycji na inwazyjność jaj glisty świńskiej wprowadzanych do osadów ściekowych. Badania wykazały, że występujące w osadach ściekowych jaja Ascaris suum charakteryzowały się wysokim stopniem odporności na działanie środka odkażającego. Dowiedziono, że dodatek nadtlenku wodoru o stężeniu 0,5-3,0% do surowego osadu ściekowego nie powoduje całkowitej eliminacji żywych jaj Ascaris suum. Jednak dłuższy czas ekspozycji inwazyjnych form jaj Ascaris suum na działanie perhydrolu prowadzi do uzyskania wyższego poziomu ich eliminacji ze środowiska. Ilość inwazyjnych jaj badanych nicieni zmniejszała się w zależności proporcjonalnej do wzrastającej dawki nadtlenku wodoru. Wyniki te potwierdzają równania prostych regresji przyjmujące postać y = -3,14x + 66 dla 0,5% dodatku H₂O₂. W przypadku wyższej aplikacji perhydrolu (3%) ustalono równanie prostej regresji przyjmujące postać y = -13,86x + 71,14. Szybsze tempo eliminacji badanych larw wykazano dla wyższej dawki stosowanego środka higienizującego. Larwy nicieni w osadzie higienizowanym osiągały maksymalną teoretyczną przeżywalność w zakresie od 21,02 do 5,13 dni w zależności stężenia aplikowanego nadtlenku wodoru.
In years 1989—1990 necropsy was performed on 38 lamb carcasses. The presence of Ascaris suum was found in intestines of 5 lambs. The parasites were not mature sexually since no eggs were observed in the wombs of the females. The lambs originated from a farm specializing in sheep breeding. The age of the animals ranged between 3 and 4 months. Infestation took place on a common sheep-run where lambs and piglets were kept together. In young pigs the invasion of Ascaris suum was noted by coproscopic examinations.
The objective of this work was to examine the influence of heavy metals ions, zinc and lead, in extemal environment on the development of Ascaris suum to invasive stage. The culture mediums contained 25.5, and 0.5 mM Pb(NO3 ) 2 or ZnSO4. After 6 weeks of development in 26° C in the control 75.17% of eggs reached the invasive stage. Ions of lead and zinc, in a way depending on concentration inhibited development of embryos. The invasive stage in the presence of 25.5 and 0.5 mM Pb(NO3)2 were achieved by 37.89% , 44,75% and 64.63% of eggs and in ZnSO4 solutions with the same concentrations ofions 45.40%, 50.36% and 66.61% respectively. Many of eggs in 25 mM solutions of both metals stopped at the blastula stage.
The studies were carried out on dispersed acini prepared from pancreas of guinea pigs infected with 5000 invasive eggs of Ascaris suum. The basal amylase secretion and that stimulated with acetylcholine and carbachol or blocked with atropine was determined. The basal secretion of amylase was significantly higher in pancreatic acini isolated from infected animals. The stimulation by acetylcholine and carbachol of these acini was weaker than in the control group. These results suggest that cholinergic stimulation of pancreatic amylase secretion was changed during larval ascaridosis.
The effect of eight anthelmintics (Rintal, Fenbesan, Telmin, Banminth, Pyrantel, Nilverm, Levamisol and Bioscardina) on the α- and γ-amylases, trypsin, and lipase from pig's pancreas and gut of Ascaris suum was determined. In extracts from A. suum gut also the maltase, trehalase and saccharase activities were examined. All drugs tested did not influence on the host's α-amylase. Telmin and Bioscardina were inhibitors of γ-amylase, Rintal and Telmin - of trypsin, Fenbesan and Bioscardina - of lipase from pig's pancreas. Among the parasite's enzymes the lipase was the most sensitive. Its activity was decreased (35-60%) by Telmin, Nilverm and both pyrantel derivatives. The activity of maltase and trehalase was reduced by Levamisol and Banminth, that of saccharase by Levamisol. It is concluded that the anthelmintics Levamisol and Banminth seemed the most efficient among the tested drugs because they did not alter the activity of host's enzymes and, showed the inhibitory effect on three of parasite's enzymes.
The studies were carried out on pancreas extracts from guinea pigs free of parasite invasion. The activity of trypsin was determined according to the method of Anson, and amylase of Fennel method. The measurements of activity were done at the presence of homogenized invasive eggs of Ascaris suum, and the mixture of volatile organic acids C₂-C₆ (at concentrations of 30.3 and 0.3 mM/l). In samples with homogenized invasive eggs of A. suum the amylase activity remained unchanged while the activity of trypsin was considerably higher (p < 0,01). The introduction of the organic acids at conc. 30 mM/l into the samples was the reason of lower amylase activity. No influence of these acids on trypsin activity in pancreas extracts was observed.
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