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The risk factors of Toxocara can is infestation were assessed among population of patients from the Lublin region. Sera from 151 patients suspected of toxocarosis were tested on the presence of the specific antibodies by ELISA (Biokema-Bordier, Switzerland). Sera from 74 women and 77 men were collected (mean: 24 years; range: 0-74 years). Women sera were found positive in 27 cases (36.5%) and men in 34 cases (44.2%). Positive results were found in the following age groups: young people up to 15 years - 34 positive from 71, people from 16 to 30 years old - 7 from 33, people from 31 to 45 years old - 9 from 24 and people older than 45 years - 11 from 23. Patients suspected of ocular larva migrans were found serologically positive in 37cases from 98. Among patients with eosinophilia 8 positive cases were found from 17 (47.1%). Rural inhabitants were found positive in 41 cases from 73, whereas inhabitants of small towns in 17 cases from 55 and inhabitants of Lublin city (population nearly 400,000) in 3 cases from 23. This relationship was statistically significant (p<0.01). The difference between the group of living in a house (52% positive cases) compared to those living in flats (18% positive cases) was also statistically significant (p<0.001).
Some aspects of dog toxocarosis and syndrome of visceral larva migrans in human toxocarosis, particularly in children were prestented. In detail the morphological characters and biology of Toxocara canis, its pathogenicity, ways of invasions as well as conditions favouring the spreading of parasites were discussed. Attention was paid to the eflicacy of diagnosis of invasions, treatment and prophylaxis. The current toxocarosis threat was analysed and epidemiological prognosis was moved forward.
A coprologic examination of dogs in Cracow's Shelter for Stray Animals, carried out between January and November 1999-2000 showed that the dogs were infected with Toxocara canis from 2.4% to 16.2% . The puppies were more infected that adult dogs: 30-72.7% and 3,3-12.2% respectively. The females are also more infected than males: 6.3-15.2% and 4.8-18.2% respectively.
The purpose of this paper is to present the current data on the risk of infection of zoonotic geohelminths, i.e. intestinal nematodes, which are spread by infective stages present in the soil. In Poland, due to a small number of human intestinal helminth infections (ascarids, whipworms) reported in recent years attention has been paid to the risk of zoonotic geohelminths. Among the most important zoonotic parasites are roundworms (dog and cat ascarids), the eggs of which are most often extracted from the soil and sand, in both urban and rural settlements. The cause of environmental contamination with geohelminth eggs are pet animals that have not been dewormed, in particular freely roaming cats. The importance of foxes in spreading T. canis eggs must also not be overlooked. The accumulation of infective eggs in the environment poses a high risk of infection especially for children, with the possibility of developing clinical toxocariasis. Taking into account the lack of basic knowledge about the risk of zoonotic parasitic infections among pet owners and parents, educational campaigns are still needed, which should be carried out jointly by veterinary and medical authorities. In these activities the importance of preventive measures undertaken to avoid initial environmental contamination should be stressed; i.e. pets’ deworming, cleaning up of feces by dog owners, restricting access of animals to play areas for children.
It was proved that the soil of recreational areas can be potential source of human geohelminthiosis. The eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichocephalus trichiurus as well as of Toxocara canis were found on the beaches of Poznań lakes.
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