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This study assessed the effects of different doses of ethephon and gibberellin A3 on germination and α- and β-amylase activity in Amaranthus caudatus seeds exposed to different levels of salt stress. NaCl at 25 and 50 mM only delayed germination; at 75, 100 and 125 mM it caused 50%, 90% and 99.5% inhibition of Amaranthus caudatus seed germination. Both ethephon and GA3 (0.01, 0.1, 0.3 mM) effectively counteracted inhibition of seed germination under salinity. The stimulatory effect of ethephon appeared earlier, and the seeds were more sensitive to ethephon than to GA3. Ethephon enabled seed germination in the presence of all NaCl concentrations (75, 100, 125 mM) even after 24 h. GA3 alleviated inhibition caused by 75 and 100 mM NaCl until 48 h and did not affect reduction of germination caused by NaCl at 125 mM. NaCl (100 mM) reduced α- and β-amylase activity and seed germination after 14 h, and enhanced α-amylase activity after 20 h, although germination was reduced. Ethephon and GA3 increased α- but not β-amylase activity under salt stress during the first 14 h of incubation
Amaranthus caudatus L. seed germination was studied under different levels of water deficit induced by PEG 6000 in laboratory conditions. PEG at osmotic potentials -0.2 to -0.3 MPa at 24°C in darkness delayed germination and reduced final germination percentage. PEG solutions at osmotic potential lower than -0.3 MPa almost totally blocked seed germination. Ethephon was much more effective than GA3 in reversing PEG-caused inhibition of A. caudatus seed germination. PEG decreased α-amylase activity after 14 h incubation. It decreased β-amylase activity after 14 and 20 h, and caused an increase in total dehydrogenase activity only after 20 h of incubation. Unlike GA3, ethephon increased α-amylase activity in seeds after 12 and 14 h of incubation under water deficit. After 20 h of incubation there was no difference in α-amylase activity in any of the treatments. Neither ethephon nor GA3 affected the activity of β-amylase and dehydrogenase.
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate effects of gibberellic acid and the standard preservative (composed of 8HQC and sucrose) on keeping qualities of cut lily flowering shoots (L. longiflorum × Asiatic hybrid, ‘Richmond’). These effects were tested in several experimental variants: the complete leafy shoot with the inflorescence (flowering shoot), inflorescence on a leafless shoot, decapitated leafy shoot, detached inflorescence and single leaves, in order to see how the components of a holding solution affect the particular plant organs on a lily flowering shoot. An experimental variant affected flower bud opening but less so the flower longevity. Keeping qualities such as vase life of lily flower and inflorescence, rate of bud opening and flower diameter were improved by the preservative only on a complete flowering shoot. Gibberellic acid as well the mixture of GA3 plus the standard preservative prolonged longevity of flowers in all the experimental variants. Gibberellic acid delayed leaf yellowing which was in turn hastened by the preservative except in leaves on decapitated shoots. Leaf senescence was the earliest in detached single leaves.
A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) applied through seed priming and foliar spray on growth and yield of three okra cultivars grown under calcareous soils. The cultivars of Punjab Selection and Sabzpari produced significantly higher number of branches and leaves per plant, pod length and diameter and pod yield as compared to cv. Green ferry, while, cv. Punjab selection produced significantly greater number of flowers and pods per plant as compared to other two cultivars. Seed germination (%), plant height, and fruit set (%) were not affected by the cultivars. Among the PGR treatments, seed primed with GA3 resulted in significantly higher germination percentage and greater plant height at flowering. Seed priming and foliar spray with NAA and GA3 were effective in increasing the final plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, number of flowers and number of pods per plant and fruit set (%), fresh weight per pod and pod yield. However, pod diameter, pod moisture content and dry weight per pod were not influenced by the PGR treatments applied. These results suggested that the PGRs have great potential to improve seed germination, enhance growth and increase yield of okra cultivars under calcareous soils.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentration and combination of potassium [1.0 g/l (K1), 2.5 g/l (K2) and 5.0 g/l (K3)] and gibberellic acid [0.005 g/l (G1), 0.01 g/l (G2) and 0.015 g/l (G3)] foliar application on growth characteristics, quality and yield of F1hybrid cucumber (cv. KUK-9).The results showed that the highest amounts for growth, biochemical attributes, fruit maturity, quality belonged to K2 (2.5 g/l) plus G2 (0.01 g/l) combination treatment. Plant height as well as chlorophyll content attained their greatest quantities under G2K2 treatment. Dry matter, TSS % and antioxidant activity showed significant differences compared with control, G1K1 and G2K2 treatment showed the greatest sum of data. Fruit mineral content were also significantly affected by different treatments. Higher fruit potassium was recorded with G3K3 treatment.
Badania prowadzono w latach 2000-2001, w okresie wiosenno-letnim, w nieogrzewanym tunelu foliowym. Materiał roślinny stanowiły preparowane bulwy następcze trzech odmian frezji z grupy Easy Pot: ‘Gompey’, ‘Popey’ i ‘Suzy’. Bezpośrednio przed posadzeniem bulwy traktowano przez 24 godziny, bez dostępu światła w pomieszczeniu o temperaturze 28-30°C, kwasem giberelinowym o stężeniach: 10, 20, 40, 80 i 160 mg‧dm⁻³. Kontrolę stanowiły bulwy moczone w wodzie wodociągowej. Po zakończeniu wegetacji rośliny dosuszono, a następnie po oczyszczeniu i posortowaniu bulw oceniono uzyskany plon. Obliczono współczynniki przyrostu masy i liczby bulw następczych. W doświadczeniach własnych, obok cech odmianowych, na wielkość i jakość plonu bulw potomnych frezji z grupy Easy Pot wpływał także zastosowany kwas giberelinowy. Regulator ten istotnie zwiększał współczynnik przyrostu masy bulw w porównaniu do roślin kontrolnych. Spośród zastosowanych stężeń kwasu giberelinowego, najsilniej oddziaływało największe, tj. 160 mg‧dm⁻³. Mocząc bulwy w roztworze regulatora o tym stężeniu, uzyskano zwiększenie współczynnika przyrostu masy bulw do 22%. O współczynniku przyrostu liczby bulw następczych decydowały głównie cechy odmianowe. Największym współczynnikiem odznaczała się odmiana ‘Gompey’. Reprodukowany w ten sposób materiał nasadzeniowy może być z powodzeniem wykorzystany do produkcji roślin pojemnikowych w kolejnym sezonie wegetacyjnym.
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