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1

Geographic variation in the Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in south-eastern Europe

100%
Krystufek B.
Acta Theriologica
|
1993
|
tom 38
|
nr 1
Studied was geographic variation in 12 skull measurements of 24 samples of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) from south-eastern Europe. Morphological principal component 1 (69.5% of variance explained) was highly size related. Morphological principal component 2 (10.6% of variance explained) correlated significantly only with interorbital constriction. Most of the interlocality variation was due to size, which increased clinally from the north-west to the south-east. Clustering of character means produced two clusters. The ranges of overlap of condylocanine length between the two siite-related clusters showed no evidence of the existence of two clearly defined populations. July precipitation levels best explained the size variation observed. T propose that if. f. martinoi he considered a synonym of R. f, ferrumequinum.
2

Geographic variation in vocal signals of Ctenomys pearsoni

100%
Francescoli G.
Acta Theriologica
|
2002
|
tom 47
|
nr 1
The S-type vocalizations of three populations of Ctenomys from Uruguay were compared: two of Ctenomys pearsoni Lessa and Langguth, 1983 from Penino and Relincho and the third from a different karyomorph of the genus (Solis karyomorph). Ten rhythm and 3 frequency variables were used for discriminant analysis. The results showed that a set of nine variables allowed a complete separation of the populations. The two C. pearsoni populations were correctly discriminated from one another using four variables, the differences lying especially in the rhythm domain. Information about the general biology and distribution of the animals suggest that these differences could be explained as a product of chance variations and later fixation of the variants in local populations. The Solis karyomorph was also correctly discriminated from the other populations using four variables, but main frequency seems to play an important role in this case.
3

Regional genetic variability among South African vervet monkey Chlorocebus aethiops populations

100%
Grobler P. J., Matlala J. M.
Acta Theriologica
|
2002
|
tom 47
|
nr 2
A South African rehabilitation centre for illegally kept vervet monkeys Chlorocebus aethiops Linnaeus, 1758 required an evaluation of the genetic status of vervet monkeys, to determine whether animals from different geographical areas may be mixed. We studied animals originating from three geographical regions and used biochemical genetic and morphological approaches to address this question. The most prominent trend from allozyme data was derived from the locus Prt-2 (an unspecified serum protein), where each of the three populations could be characterised by the absence or presence of unique alleles. Nevertheless, statistical coefficients indicated little genetic divergence, with genetic distance values of 0.001-0.003 and an overall fixation index value of 0.046. Average heterozygosity did not differ appreciably among populations (2.5-3.3%). The morphological study identified suitable traits, free from the influence of growth allometry, that can be used for inter-population comparisons. No significant morphological differences between con-specific populations were however found. It is concluded that vervet monkeys from the species' wider distribution range is relatively monotypic, but that monkeys from different geographical areas should not be unduly mixed, pending the results of finer grained molecular studies.
4

Geographical variation in the cranial and external characters of the little tube-nosed bat, Murina silvatica in the Japanese archipelago

100%
Fukui D., Maeda K., Hill D. A., Matsumura S., Agetsuma N.
Acta Theriologica
|
2005
|
tom 50
|
nr 3
The distribution ofMurina silvatica (Yoshiyuki, 1983) in the Japanese archipelago extends over about 2000 km from north to south. Specimens were obtained from populations in Hokkaido and Yakushima, which are at the northern and southern ends of the range, and from two intermediate locations in Honshu. Measurements of cranial and external morphology were examined for evidence of geographical variation. The results of both multivariate analysis of variance and cluster analysis showed that there was no distinct cline in skull morphology among the Hokkaido, Tohoku and Chubu populations. However, the results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that all measures were significantly greater for the Yakushima population than for the others. Similarly, in a dendrogram of cluster analysis, the Yakushima population formed a cluster that was distinct from the other populations. However, as the difference between the Yakushima population and the other populations was less than the variation found within the Hokkaido, Tohoku and Chubu populations, morphological divergence of the Yakushima population was attributable to intraspecific variation. The island of Yakushima is the most isolated of the four locations and the morphological divergence of this population may be associated with its relative geographic isolation.
5

Giant sex chromosomes retained within the Portuguese lineage of the field vole (Microtus agrestis)

84%
Gimenez M. D., Pauperio J., Alves P. C., Searle J. B.
Acta Theriologica
|
2012
|
tom 57
|
nr 4
The field vole (Microtus agrestis) is characterised by extremely large blocks of heterochromatin on both the X and Y chromosome. Some other Microtus also have blocks of heterochromatin on their sex chromosomes but not as extensive and always of independent origin from the heterochromatic expansion found in M. agrestis. Coupled with evidence of geographic variation in large heterochromatic blocks within other species (e.g. in the western hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus), it might be expected that field voles would show substantial variation in size and disposition of the sex chromosome heterochromatin. In fact, only minor variation has been described up to now. Those studies conducted previously were largely on field voles from central and northern Europe. Here, we describe the karyotype of field voles from Portugal, of interest because recent molecular studies have shown field voles from western Iberia to be a separate evolutionary unit that might be considered a cryptic species, distinct from populations further to the east. The two Portuguese field voles (one female, one male) that we examined also had essentially the same karyotype as seen in other field voles, including the giant sex chromosomes, but with small differences in the structure of the Y chromosome from that described previously. The finding that field voles throughout Europe show relatively little variation in their giant sex chromosomes is consistent with molecular data which suggest a recent origin for this complex of species/near-species.
6

Shell variation in some populations of Trichia hispida [L.] from Poland [Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicidae]

84%
Prockow M.
Genus. International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy
|
1997
|
tom 08
|
nr 3-4
7
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On the geographic variation of Ciboria batschiana (Zopf) Buchwald, the main pathogenic fungus on acorns of Quercus robur and Q.petraea in Europe

84%
Schroder T.
Dendrobiology
|
2002
|
tom 47 Supplement
Mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungus Ciboria batschiana (Zopf) Buchwald was examined at nine temperature levels between -3°C and +35°C using pure cultures of the fungus from eleven different provenances located in Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. The fungus was isolated mainly from cotyledons of acorns of the oak species Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Even at -3°C the mycelium of the fungus grew well. There were significant differences between the provenances in respect to growth rate and temperature tolerance, especially at low temperatures.
8

Geographic variation of the Japanese spinous loach, Cobitis takatsuensis, inferred from allozyme analysis

84%
Shimizu T.
Folia Biologica
|
2003
|
tom 51
|
nr Suppl.
9

Geographic variation in the Japanese white-toothed shrew Crocidura dsinezumi

84%
Motokawa M.
Acta Theriologica
|
2003
|
tom 48
|
nr 2
I investigated geographic variation in the Japanese white-toothed shrew Crocidura dsinezumi (Temminck, 1842) (Insectivora, Soricidae) from the Japanese Archipelago and the northern part of the Ryukyu Archipelago. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted based on 11 cranial measurements from 14 sampling localities. Overall size variation seemed to follow clinal changes correlated with latitude and longitude of localities, such that northeastern populations were smaller than southwestern ones. The Hokkaido population and the Kuchinoerabujima population were larger than expected based on estimated values, likely due to changes reflecting environmental factors. In contrast, the Tanegashima population was smaller than its estimated value. The northern Ryukyu populations were divergent from the Kyushu population and from each other. Based on patterns of geographic variation, I suggest that all previously described subspecies of C. dsinezumi are junior synonyms of C. dsinezumi; and that the Kuchinoerabujima population and the Nakanoshima population likely represent un- described subspecies.
10
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Characterization of catalytic properties of Pisum seed beta-amylases

84%
Zimniak-Przybylska Z.
Genetica Polonica
|
1992
|
tom 33
|
nr 3
11
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Comparative study of seed proteins in the genus Pisum. XV. Electrophoretic albumin patterns in P.sativum L. subsp. asiaticum Govorov

84%
Zimniak-Przybylska Z., Przybylska J., Gorecka D.
Genetica Polonica
|
1992
|
tom 33
|
nr 2
12

Altitudinal variation in the diet of sika deer on the Izu Peninsula: patterns in the transitional zone of geographic variation along the Japanese archipelago

67%
Kitamura T., Sato Y., Takatsuki S.
Acta Theriologica
|
2010
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
89-93
Geographical variation in the diet of sika deer Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 has been well characterised: northern populations are grazers, whereas southern deer are browsers. This variation largely reflects genetic-based differences in morphology. However, environmental factors would be also important. If a same genetic population live in different habitats, we can check altitudinal shifts in sika deer food consumption. We hypothesised that changes in the diet of the sika deer population on the Izu Peninsula, which is located within the transitional zone of resource (vegetation) variation and encompasses a broad altitudinal range, would mirror shifts in the composition of vegetation. Analyses of the rumen contents of the deer population indicated that dwarf bamboo accounted for 10.5, 46.2, and 74.3% of the deer diet in the low (<800 m), middle (800–1000 m), and high (>1000 m) altitudinal zones, respectively. In contrast, evergreen broad-leaved species accounted for 35.7, 23.1, and 5.9%, respectively. These results suggest that the diet of sika deer is more strongly affected by environmental factors, such as plant community composition, than by genetic factors.
13
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Geographical variation of reproductive strategy of Alinda biplicata (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae)

67%
Sulikowska-Drozd A., Maltz T. K.
Folia Malacologica
|
2012
|
tom 20
|
nr 1
14

Occurrence of haemosporidian parasites in the paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola [Passeriformes, Sylviidae]

67%
Zehtindjiev P., Ilieva M., Krizanauskiene A., Oparina O., Oparin M., Bensch S.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2009
|
tom 54
|
nr 4
295-300
The blood parasite diversity was studied in paddyfield warblers (Acrocephalus agricola) breeding in NE Bulgaria, SW Russia and S. Kazakhstan. Nine cytochrome b gene lineages were recorded, 4 belonging to Haemoproteus spp. and 5 to Plasmodium spp. The overall prevalence of haemosporidians was 33.3%. The composition of parasites varied geographically, with six lineages recorded in Russia, five lineages in Bulgaria and two lineages in Kazakhstan. Two lineages are described for the first time, i.e. ACAGR1 (belonging to Plasmodium sp. and recorded from a single bird in Russia) and ACAGR2 (belonging to Haemoproteus sp., recorded from Bulgaria and Russia). The latter lineage is the most widespread parasite in the Bulgarian population, scarce in Russia and absent in Kazakhstan. It is supposed that ACAGR2 has originated from the widespread lineage ACDUM1 differing from it by a single nucleotide. One lineage only (ACDUM2) occurs in all the three populations studied and is a nonspecific parasite known from various passerines. Six of the registered lineages have been found in a single population of A. agricola and also represent non-specific parasites occurring in a wide range of passerine birds. Their records in A. agricola may indicate the high transmission rate of these parasites in the habitats where this host co-occurs with other passerines. The variation of the composition of the haemosporidian parasite communities through the breeding range of A. agricola makes up heterogeneous selection pressures that may drive intraspecific variation in important life-history traits.
15

From local adaptation to geographical variation: pine marten response to food abundance and climatic conditions

67%
Zalewski A.
Nature Conservation
|
2007
|
tom 64
3-11
16

Geographical variation in wing pattern in Phengaris (=Maculinea) arion (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): subspecific differentiation or clinal adaptation?

67%
Sielezniew M., Dziekanska I.
Annales Zoologici
|
2011
|
tom 61
|
nr 4
Socially parasitic and globally threatened Phengaris (=Maculinea) arion (L.) is one of the most intensively investigated insect species in Europe. Although current studies focus on ecology and genetics, the butterfly has also attracted attention because of its morphology. An extremely variable black pattern on the blue background of the wing upperside has resulted in the description of many different forms or even subspecies. We studied the variation of 148 individuals from five regional populations at a latitudinal gradient in Poland: two north-eastern populations, one middle-eastern populations and two southern populations. A proportion of the area covered with marginal strips and spots was measured, and the presence/absence of particular elements was also analyzed. For all except one, the most northern region, we found significant sexual dimorphism, with females being darker than males. Within sexes, the melanization level was higher in the north-east than in the south, and the mid - eastern region showed intermediate characteristics. Differences in colouration overlapped with variation in host ant use, but neither feature corresponded with the available genetic data and therefore clinal variation is a more likely explanation for the observed pattern. Melanization level may be an adaptation to climatic conditions, but it remains unclear which strategy of dorsal basking is applied by P. arion.
17

Field identification of the cryptic vespertilionid bats, Myotis lucifugus and M. yumanensis

67%
Weller T. J., Scott S. A., Rodhouse T. J., Ormsbee P. C., Zinck J. M.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2007
|
tom 09
|
nr 1
Recent advances in molecular techniques have provided new tools for confirming species identities, however they can be expensive and results are not immediately available. Myotis lucificugus and M. yumanensis are morphologically cryptic species of bats sympatric in western North America that can be difficult to distinguish in the field. We evaluated a set of models that used morphological and echolocation call characters obtained in the field to predict species identity as determined by DNA analysis. We constructed models using data from 98 M. lucifugus and 100 M. yumanensis captured throughout the Pacific Northwest from which we had obtained high-quality, time-expansion recordings of their echolocation calls. The best model for distinguishing the species combined forearm length and characteristic frequency of echolocation calls and was able to identify 92% of M. lucifugus and 91% of M. yumanensis individuals, with ≥95% confidence. We evaluated the applicability of our model by testing it on additional datasets. Our model correctly classified 83% of M. lucifugus (n = 30) and 93% of M. yumanensis (n = 29) individuals captured in north-central Oregon, whose echolocation calls were recorded using a zero-crossings echolocation detection system. It also correctly classified 86% of M. lucifugus (n = 22) and 85% of M. yumanensis (n = 26) individuals, captured throughout our study area, for which only poor-quality time-expansion recordings of echolocation calls were obtained. Combining morphometrics with echolocation call characteristics may be a useful approach for distinguishing among pairs of cryptic species of bats in other areas.
18

Badger density and distribution of setts in Bialowieza Primeval Forest [Poland and Belarus] compared to other Eurasian populations

67%
Kowalczyk R., Bunevich A. N., Jedrzejewska B.
Acta Theriologica
|
2000
|
tom 45
|
nr 3
Distribution and occupancy of setts by badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) were surveyed in Białowieża Primeval Forest (1450 km ), one of the best preserved temperate lowland forests in Europe, in 1946-1961 and 1979-1999. In the Belarussian part of BPF in 1946-1951, badger density was estimated as 0.33 setts and 1.27 individuals/10 km . After predator control in the late 1950s, the number of active setts decreased to 0.09/10 km2 in 1961. Since the 1970s, badger population has been recovering; in 1979-1999, it averaged 0.16 setts and 0.61 ind/10 km . In Lhe Polish part of BPF, where badgers were not hunted, the densities in 1996-1999 were estimated as 0.41 setts and 1.57 ind/10 kra . I n the whole BPF, badger main setts were spaced regularly, with the nearest neighbour distance between active setts varying from 2.2 to 13.3 km (mean = 5.3 km, SD = 2.1). Surveys of 21 main setts during 1979-1999 (totally 171 sett-years) revealed that badgers occupied the setts in 68.4% of cases, raccoon dogs Nyctereules procyonoides in 12.9%, and red foxes Vulpes vulpes in 7%. Joint utilisation of the same setts by badgers and raccoon dogs was recorded in 5.3% of cases. Reviewing the literature on badger densities in 35 localities in the Palaeartic region showed that badgers attained rather high densities on the British Isles (14.9 setts/10 km , range 1.1-45.5; and 93.8 ind/10 km , range 8.6-307.0) compared to continental Eurasia (1.7 setts/10 km2, range 0.4-6.5; and 6.3 ind/10 km2, range 1.6-15.2). The number of badgers inhabiting a sett increased with log density of setts. Densities of badger setts did not depend on latitude but were negatively correlated with forest cover (p = 0.22, p - 0.008). We proposed that the biological mechanism behind this relationship was the higher biomass and availability of earthworms in open pastures and grasslands than in forests.
19

Geographical variation of skull characters in pikas (Ochotona, Lagomorpha) of the alpina-hyperborea group

67%
Lissovsky A. A.
Acta Theriologica
|
2003
|
tom 48
|
nr 1
A multivariate analysis of 11 skull measurements, along with evaluation of the shape of maxill-premaxill suture at palatine foramina, was carried out in pikas of the alpina-hyperborea group. The study provided rational for recognition of three distinct species in this group: Ochotona alpina (Pallas, 1773), O. hyperborea (Pallas, 1811), and O. turuchanensis Naumov, 1934. O. turuchanensis is a species from central Siberia differing from O. hyperborea in the chromosome number and type of palatine foramina and from O. alpina in size of the skull. This species is allopatric with O. alpina and partly sympatric with O. hyperborea. The subspecies svatoshi is reportedly allocated to O. hyperborea. The taxonomic status of mantchurica (now allocated to hyperborea) and scorodumovi (treated at present as an isolated subspecies of O. alpina) needs careful investigation.
20

Taxonomic structure as an indicator of regional characteristics of fauna [The springtails example]

67%
Tarashchuk M. V.
Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne
|
1995
|
tom 64
|
nr 1-4
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