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Genetic research in modern sport

100%

Leonska-Duniec A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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tom 03

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nr 3

Sport genomics is a comparatively new scientific discipline concentrating on the organization and functioning of the genome of elite athletes. It seems to be the most promising tool for sport selection, individualization of the training process, sport traumatology, and also in illegal ‘gene doping’. With genotyping more available, research of gene variants’ influence on several phenotype traits related to physical performance have been widely carried out worldwide. This review not only summarizes the current findings of sport genomics study of molecular markers, their association with athlete status and training responses, but it also explores future trends and possibilities. The importance of genetics in modern sport increases every year. However, the recent studies still represent only the first steps towards a better understanding of the genetic factors that influence human physical abilities, and therefore continuing studies are necessary.

2

Albinism – common phenomenon during cereal androgenesis

100%

Makowska K., Zimny J.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2015

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tom 96

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nr 1

3

Induction and application of dihaploids of potato [Solanum tuberosum L.]

100%

Wasilewicz-Flis I., Jakuczun H.

Plant Breeding and Seed Science

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2005

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tom 52

4

Induced gynogenesis as potential tool for detection of receive deleterious mutations carriers in salmonids fishery

67%

Zyczynski A.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2017

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tom 56[2]

Induced gynogenesis as potential tool for detection of receive deleterious mutations carriers salmonids fishery . 8 rainbow trout females were tripped and the eggs were subjected to induced gynogenesis procedure. Approximately half of 3 female’s progeny showed type of malformations occasionally observed in rainbow trout stock kept in Rutki Station. The case study describes the potential usefulness of gynogenesis as breeding test to reveal carriers of harmful recessive alleles.

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Poszukiwanie genotypów owsa o poprawionej wartości odżywczej oraz wysokich właściwościach bioaktywnych

67%

Myszka K., Boros D.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

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2013

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nr 268

6

Zasoby genowe i ocena wybranych odmian roz historycznych

67%

Monder M. J.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 2

487-494

W kolekcji róż Ogrodu Botanicznego CZRB PAN spośród zgromadzonych obecnie 455 obiektów 111 stanowią historyczne, będące przedstawicielami większości uprawianych i wyhodowanych grup ogrodowych róż. Do róż historycznych zaliczone te, które pojawiły się w uprawie od starożytności do czasu zakończenia II Wojny Światowej. Wśród nich znajdują się m.in. odmiany róży damasceńskiej (Rosa damascena Mill.), róży francuskiej (R. gallica L.), róży białej (Rosa alba L.), róży żółtej (R. foetida Herrm), róży gęstokolczastej (R. pimpinellifolia L.); odmiany z grup powstałych w XIX wieku, np. burbońskich (R. xborboniana Desp.), remontantów (R. xbifera (Poir) Pers.). W kolekcji ocenia się uszkodzenia spowodowane przez mróz, notuje termin kwitnienia i wysokość krzewów, uwagi dotyczące pielęgnacji oraz porażenia przez choroby i szkodniki. Większość odmian charakteryzuje się długim okresem dekoracyjności krzewów, dobrą żywotnością i znaczną odpornością na mróz i choroby. Wymagają mniej pielęgnacji niż przeciętne nowoczesne róże parkowe i pnące. Stanowią cenne uzupełnienie doboru krzewów dla założeń zabytkowych i naturalistycznych oraz bogaty materiał genetyczny do hodowli nowych odmian.

7

Waloryzacja wybranych cech morfologicznych obiektow pomidora

67%

Kotlinska T., Horodecka E., Tkacz K., Machnicka K., Kwiecien A.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 1

399-412

Germplasm collection of Lycopersicon ssp. include 995 accessions. Paper presented valorization of 33 tomato accessions carried out in 2004. The tomato accessions originated from Romania, Ukraine and Poland were characterized in regard to 42 morphological and useful traits according to IPGRI descriptor list. The traits included 10 traits of plants and 32 traits of the fruits. Following important characters of the fruits were described: size, shape, firmness, colour of fruit, intensity of greenback, ribbing, easiness of fruit detach from the pedicel, fruit cross-section shape, thickness of pericarp, number of locules and also growth type and susceptibility to diseases. Examined accessions were characterized by great differentiation of investigated traits and may be an useful source of earliness, fruit firmness, thick pericarp, colour intensity, flesh homogeneity, etc. Some accessions from Romania and Poland can be a valuable material in breeding cultivars for amateur production and the accessions from Ukraine for industrial processing. Tomato collection is designed to preserving the genetic resources from industrial disappearance, as well as, a rich source of genetic variability.

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Ocena zmiennosci i wspolzaleznosci cech uzytkowych w kolekcji pszenicy twardej

67%

Szwed-Urbas K., Segit Z.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 2

731-739

Studies involving 138 new genotypes obtained from Gene Bank in Praha Ruzyne and from domestic centers were conducted in 2003-2005. Tested genotypes included breeding varieties originating from 19 European and non-European countries, with numerous groups from France (27), Italy (22) and Mexico (40), as well as 19 Polish breeding lines. As in earlier research works, all genotypes were subjected to detailed evaluation in three-year field experiment cycle relating to such traits as: vegetation period and more important sub-phase lengths, plant height, the length of spike rachis, number of spikelets per spike, spike density, number of grains per spike and spikelet, the weight of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and the total protein content in grain. High differentiation of tested material referring to all analyzed traits was found; the years of study exerted significant influence on their levels. Referring to the most important yield component - grain weight per spike - stability parameters were estimated using variety regression analysis for experimental means as a measure of genotype and environmental effects. The analysis enabled to select the genotypes with high and stable levels of that character. Such genotypes may be an interesting initial material for breeding T. durum varieties. Grain weight per spike mainly depended on the number of grains per spike and per spikelet as well as on 1000-grain weight. Correlation coefficients for other traits were in general low or variable in particular years. The correlation between total protein content in grain and 1000-grain weight was inconsistent. Correlation coefficients calculated for the traits were relatively low; significantly negative correlation (rxy = -0.296) was recorded in 2003, while significant positive correlation was calculated in 2005 (rxy = 0.301). In 2004, no significant relationship among the traits was found.

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Gromadzenie i ocena zasobów genowych żyta

67%

Kubicka H., Puchalski J., Niedzielski M., Luczak W., Martyniszyn A.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

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2006

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nr 240-241

141-149

Żyto uprawne, pomimo tendencji zmniejszania się powierzchni jego uprawy, pozostaje nadal jedną z najważniejszych roślin zbożowych w Polsce. Największy udział w światowym areale jego uprawy przypada na Europę i Azję i głównie w tych rejonach występuje największa różnorodność genetyczna form żyta. Mając na uwadze konieczność gromadzenia i ochrony zmienności u tego gatunku, w Ogrodzie Botanicznym — Centrum Zachowania Różnorodności Biologicznej PAN od 33 lat gromadzone są w banku nasion oraz oceniane, dziko rosnące gatunki Secale, formy lokalne, odmiany uprawne i linie wsobne żyta. Łącznie kolekcja rodzaju Secale wynosi 2560 obiektów. W latach 1977–2004 poddano ocenie: 1166 form lokalnych, 772 odmian uprawnych i 352 linii wsobnych. Wszystkie obiekty kolekcji rodzaju Secale były reprodukowane w izolacji i charakteryzowane pod względem cech morfologicznych i fenologicznych. Zakres zmienności w obrębie odmian populacyjnych, form lokalnych i linii wsobnych żyta uprawnego był zróżnicowany, ale najwyższy dla 3 cech: wysokości roślin 30–200 cm, długości kłosa 4,0–14,8 cm i masy 1000 ziarniaków 10–58 g. Na podstawie tych obserwacji stwierdzono, iż zgromadzona kolekcja Secale stanowi cenne źródło zmienności cech, dla badań genetyczno-hodowlanych nad tym gatunkiem.

10

Wielowymiarowa ocena roznorodnosci fenotypowej w kolekcji zasobow genowych truskawki [Fragaria x ananassa DUCH.] Czesc II. Grupowanie genotypow

67%

Ukalska J., Madry W., Ukalski K., Masny A.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 2

759-766

In the paper a classification of 117 genotypes (cultivars and clones) in a strawberry collection from the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice was assessed. The classification of genotypes was based on nine characters including some vegetative attributes as well as those describing fruit yielding and susceptibility to the most important strawberry diseases. Data came from a trial observed for three years (2001-2003). They were arranged in an incomplete two-way classification genotypes by years. Estimates of genotypic values were obtained using the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) in a random ANOVA model. Two multivariate methods were used: cluster analysis by the Ward’s procedure (identifying homogenous groups of genotypes) and canonical variate analysis (both detecting characters having the largest discriminant power (relative contribution) in distinguishing the groups and visualisation of multivariate similarities of the identified groups). The first two canonical variables accounted for 87% of the total variation between groups. The first canonical variable was strongly correlated with fruit firmness and fruit size. Therefore these characters have the strongest discriminant power in distinguishing the identified groups.

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Wielowymiarowa ocena zmiennosci fenotypowej w kolekcji zasobow genowych pszenzyta jarego

59%

Ukalski K., Kociuba W., Madry W., Ukalska J.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 2

767-774

Phenotypic variation among 75 genotypes (cultivars and clones) in triticale collection from the Institute of Genetics and Plant Breeding in Lublin was assessed using two multivariate methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA). The variation was studied for seven traits. Data were collected in a trial carried out over four years (1996-1999). They were arranged in complete two-way classification genotypes by years. Variance components were estimated for each trait separately using REML method for a random ANOVA model of the two-way classification. Estimates of genotypic values were obtained using the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). The highest values of correlation coefficients were obtained between the first principal component (PC), plant height (positive) and the number of grains per spike (negative). The second PC was strongly positively correlated with the number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight. All genotypes were grouped into six clusters.

12

Phenolic compounds and phytochemicals in fruits of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) genotypes from the Aegean region in Turkey

59%

Okatan V.

Folia Horticulturae

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2018

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tom 30

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nr 1

13

Zlozone pochodzenie diploidalnych klonow ziemniaka zrodlem zmiennosci genetycznej dla hodowli

59%

Wasilewicz-Flis I., Jakuczun H., Zimnoch-Guzowska E.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 2

775-782

The task for diploid potato collection in IHAR Mtochow is the preservation of important and unique genetic biodiversity of Solanum species. The collection was formed over 30 years ago. At the beginning, the collection included various Solanum species as the sources of resistance and quality traits. Within many years, in the collection a lot of diploid clones originated from diploid parental lines conducted at Młochów and from other local and foreign centres were preserved. In 2005 the collection of diploid clones included 106 forms propagated in the field, 37 in greenhouse and 52 in in vitro culture. The largest group of field propagated clones consisted of those selected at Młochów. They are complex interspecific hybrids of Solanum, possessing in their pedigree following species: S. demissum, S. goniocalyx, S. gourlayi, S. microdontum, S. phureja, S. stenotomum, S. stoloniferum, S. verrucosum and S. yungasense. The collection clones were intensively utilized in breeding and research works.

14

Charakterystyka zasobow genowych pszenzyta [xTriticosecale WITTMACK] zgromadzonych w latach 1998-2005

59%

Kociuba W.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 1

369-377

Presented research is a continuation of systematic collecting the winter and spring triticale material and estimating its usability features, having been conducted since 1982. The experiments deal with the systematic collection of both, the registered and non-registered varieties as well as the valuable genetic materials received from the breeding and research centres. The materials included into experimental collection come from the national and foreign breeding centres and world gene banks. The research also aims at protecting the gene resources of the xTriticosecale Wittmack type. The valorization is conducted in a 4-year cycle of field experiments. After this cycle of valorization the studied objects are delivered to the store at IHAR Radzików for protective storage. The materials of winter and spring triticale collected during the years 1998-2005 are characterized by an extensive range of agricultural trait variability. The newest varieties being included in the collection showed better winter resistance, lodging resistance what is connected with stem shortening. However smaller resistance to mildew and brown rust were observed. As regards the yielding traits, wide range of variability was noted, especially for the number and weight of grain per spike. Conducting the experiments which concern collecting new forms of triticale enables further extending the range of variability for many agricultural traits which may be used in applied breeding as well as in numerous research studies.

15

Wielowymiarowa ocena roznorodnosci fenotypowej w kolekcji zasobow genowych truskawki [Fragaria x ananassa DUCH.] Czesc I. Analiza zmiennosci

59%

Ukalska J., Madry W., Ukalski K., Masny A.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 2

749-757

In the paper a phenotypic variation among 117 genotypes (cultivars and clones) in a strawberry collection from the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice was assessed using quantitative genetic parameters and PCA. The variation was studied for nine vegetative, productive and disease susceptibility characters, observed in a rate scale (1 to 9 or 1 to 7) assuming that larger scores show a larger level of the defined characters. Some vegetative characters as well as those describing fruit yielding and susceptibility to the most important strawberry diseases were considered. Data were collected in a trial observed within three years (2001-2003). They were arranged in an incomplete two-way classification genotypes by years. Variance components were estimated for each trait separately using the REML method for a random ANOVA model of a two-way classification. Coefficients of heritability of three-year phenotypic means were estimated on the basis of the variance components. Estimates of genotypic values were obtained using the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). To analyze the phenotypic diversity of the germplasm collection principal component analysis was used on the basis of the BLUP’s. The obtained heritability coefficients were quite high (over 0.6) except for fruit taste, leaf spot susceptibility and leaf scorch susceptibility (0.36-0.44). The highest positive values of correlation coefficients between the first principal component (PC) and plant vigour, fruit size and fruit yield were obtained. The second PC was strongly correlated with the leaf scorch susceptibility, and the third PC with the fruit taste.

16

Klasyfikacja niektorych odmian sliwy pod wzgledem wielkosci owocow i terminu dojrzewania

59%

Grzyb Z. S., Rozpara E.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 1

331-337

Studies were carried out on the plum collection maintained at Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, Poland. Observations conducted in the years 2003-2005. Plum cultivars according to ripening time were divided into 5 groups: early ripening (15.07. to 31.07.), mid-early (1.08. to 10.08.), middle (11.08. to 31.08.), mid-late (1.09. to 25.09.) and late (26.08. to 20.10.). With regard to fruit weight the evaluated plum cultivars were classified as follows: very small (up to 20 g), small (21-30 g), medium (31-40 g), medium large (41-50), large (51-60), and very large (over 61 g). In the case of early ripening plum cultivars with small and middle fruits dominated. In the group of mid-late ripening time cultivars with quite big fruits pay big role. However, in the group of late ripening cultivars with small fruits (represented mostly by ‘German Prune’ types) as well as with very large fruits (e.g. cvs Empress, Oneida, President and others) were present.

17

Kriokonserwacja zasobow genowych jabloni

59%

Niedzielski M., Buczynska B., Puchalski J.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 1

159-166

Conservation of genetic resources ex-situ has, up to now, been the most popular method of protection of old varieties and local landraces collections. In the case of apple and other orchard species of temperate climatic zone a cryopreservation of dormant winter buds might be an alternative method of genetic resources conservation. It is a simple and low-cost method. Viability and regeneration ability of buds after freezing in liquid nitrogen depends on the cultivar frost resistance, low freezing rate and storage in LN₂ vapour phase. Physiological state of buds, strongly affected by environmental factors, mainly temeperature, is also important for the maintenance of a high viability after dehydration and freezing. A few day period of constant negative temperature is essential for a high regeneration rate after freezing. A substantial intervarietal variability has been observed. In the case of LN₂-tender cultivars pretreatment with cryoprotectants might be helpful for maintenance of buds viability after freezing.

18

Charakterystyka cech morfologicznych i uzytkowych odmian miejscowych marchwi

59%

Kotlinska T., Zabaglo A., Zukowska E., Machnicka K., Kwiecien A.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 1

425-438

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) germplasm collection in Plant Genetic Resources Lab. of RIVC, Skierniewice includes 570 accessions (304 accessions of cultivated carrot and 266 accessions of wild species). Results of estimation of the variability of morphological and functional traits of carrot and their usefulness for breeding are presented. During the year 2004, twenty four carrot accessions originated from the Netherlands, Japan, Moldova, Slovakia, Ukraine, United Kingdom and Poland with regards to 32 traits selected from IPGRI and UPOV descriptor list were characterized. These traits included: leaf colour, root diameter 1 cm above root tip/end (cm), root tip/end shape, root surface, green colouration of the interior of the top, root type grouping, root shoulder shape, root length, root and core diameter, root weight, colour, yield, and structure. Chemical composition of roots (dry matter, sugar content, carotene and nitrate) was also determined. The results confirm a great variability of the valorized traits. For example the marketable yield ranged from 36 to 86%, weight of roots from 79 to 256 g, carotene content from 104.7 to 201.4 mg·kg⁻¹ FM, total sugar from 52.4 to, 80.8 g·kg⁻¹ FM, monosaccharides from 27.0 to 44,0 g·kg⁻¹ FM, nitrogen content from 100 do 400 mg KNO₃·kg⁻¹ FM. Carrot local varieties provide new source of genetic variability for breeding.

19

Charakterystyka wybranych odmian miejscowych fasoli pochodzacych z Polski, Slowacji i Ukrainy

59%

Bralewski T. W., Fiebig M., Kotlinska T.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 1

179-186

In the years 1999-2005, in the 3-year cycles, the valorisation of 72 local cultivars of the genus Phaseolus originating from Poland, the Slovak Republic and Ukraine was carried out. The works included 5 cultivars of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) and 67 cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). It was found that 16 accessions had a climbing type of growth, 4 - flagellate form and 52 - dwarf ones. All runner beans were climbing. Out of the climbing type cultivars, 6 were snap beans with green pods, whereas the other were dry seed type plants. The flagellate cultivars included 1 for green pods and 3 for dry seeds. The dwarf cultivars included, except the ones destined for dry seeds a 4 snap bean cultivars were found: 1 with yellow pods and 3 with green ones. The valorised cultivars showed variability in such characteristics as: yield per plant, 1000 seeds weight, shape and colour of seeds.

20

Ocena zasobow genowych konopi zgromadzonych w Instytucie Wlokien Naturalnych w Poznaniu z uwzglednieniem nowych kierunkow wykorzystania

51%

Mankowska G., Menesiak M., Grabowska L.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 2

853-860

The Programme of Plant Genetic Resources Protection alongside the main task of preserving biodiversity plays also other roles. As a part of this programme, the collection holding over 130 hemp cultivars and genotypes is evaluated and being enlarged at the INF. Hemp was a prohibited crop in many European countries until recently due to the problem of drug abuse. Many valuable breeding materials and local populations were destroyed. Therefore, it is very important to preserve the cultivars and ecotypes of hemp for genetic and breeding research. The INF collection is thoroughly studied and the analyses of different parameters of accessions are conducted under both, greenhouse and field conditions as well as in the laboratory. Currently, the traditional use of hemp in Europe is marginal. The hemp raw material is mainly used in non-garment textile area, such as pulp and paper, automotive and construction materials industries. The Programme of Genetic Resources Protection ensures necessary and consequent evaluation of collected genotypes according to different parameters and direction of use. Therefore, the protection of genetic resources is a main element of breeding strategy for cultivated plants.

Ograniczanie wyników

Genetic research in modern sport

Albinism – common phenomenon during cereal androgenesis

Induction and application of dihaploids of potato [Solanum tuberosum L.]

Induced gynogenesis as potential tool for detection of receive deleterious mutations carriers in salmonids fishery

Poszukiwanie genotypów owsa o poprawionej wartości odżywczej oraz wysokich właściwościach bioaktywnych

Zasoby genowe i ocena wybranych odmian roz historycznych

Waloryzacja wybranych cech morfologicznych obiektow pomidora

Ocena zmiennosci i wspolzaleznosci cech uzytkowych w kolekcji pszenicy twardej

Gromadzenie i ocena zasobów genowych żyta

Wielowymiarowa ocena roznorodnosci fenotypowej w kolekcji zasobow genowych truskawki [Fragaria x ananassa DUCH.] Czesc II. Grupowanie genotypow

Wielowymiarowa ocena zmiennosci fenotypowej w kolekcji zasobow genowych pszenzyta jarego

Phenolic compounds and phytochemicals in fruits of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) genotypes from the Aegean region in Turkey

Zlozone pochodzenie diploidalnych klonow ziemniaka zrodlem zmiennosci genetycznej dla hodowli

Charakterystyka zasobow genowych pszenzyta [xTriticosecale WITTMACK] zgromadzonych w latach 1998-2005

Wielowymiarowa ocena roznorodnosci fenotypowej w kolekcji zasobow genowych truskawki [Fragaria x ananassa DUCH.] Czesc I. Analiza zmiennosci

Klasyfikacja niektorych odmian sliwy pod wzgledem wielkosci owocow i terminu dojrzewania

Kriokonserwacja zasobow genowych jabloni

Charakterystyka cech morfologicznych i uzytkowych odmian miejscowych marchwi

Charakterystyka wybranych odmian miejscowych fasoli pochodzacych z Polski, Slowacji i Ukrainy

Ocena zasobow genowych konopi zgromadzonych w Instytucie Wlokien Naturalnych w Poznaniu z uwzglednieniem nowych kierunkow wykorzystania