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This research was conducted in 2006 in the Experimental Station of the Department of Genetics and Horticultural Plant Breeding in Felin near Lublin. It included 7 cultivars of strawberry (‘Pastel’, ‘Salut’, ‘Teresa’, ‘Jota’, ‘Paula’, ‘Senga Sengana’, ‘Plena’) and two selected clones: 2395 and 3995 that belonged to the Department. Analysis of pollen fertility was carried out on the basis of materials collected on fi ve occasions: on May 17 (at the beginning of fl orescence), May 20 and May 24 (the peak of fl orescence) and on June 2 and June 13 (the end of fl orescence). Smear preparations stained with 2% acetocarmin and glycerin solution (1:1) were used to test pollen viability. The highest percent of viable pollen in 2006 was in cultivar ‘Jota’ (70.88%). The lowest viability had pollen of ‘Teresa’ cultivar (33.83%). The average content of viable pollen grains was the lowest on May 20 (36.79%). The highest pollen fertility was noted on June 2 (62.15%), the percent of fertile pollen on a similar level was observed on May 17 and 24 and June13. The cultivar ‘Jota’ was characterized by an increased level of pollen fertility that was quite high during the whole period of fl orescence. The number of seeds has a great infl uence on the proper development of spurious strawberry fruit. The mass of seeds from a single fruit has a great infl uence on the mass of fruits in both large and small fruit categories. Pollen viability affected the mass of seeds on big fruits (r = 0.444), but there is no clear direct relationship between pollen fertility and mass of strawberry fruit(r = -0.193 and r = -0.052).
The aim of 3 -year experiment was to evaluate quality and chemical composition of blue honeysuckle berries cultivar 'Czarna' and non-specified seedling "N" as de­pendent on time of ripening. The results obtained showed that berries harvested later were bigger but less firm. Furthermore, an increase of soluble solids content was observed in fruit of both cultigens at the end of harvest (for seedling "N" from 11 to 13.5% and for 'Czarna' from 9.8% to 12.6%). On the other hand, for late-harvested berries of both cultigens 20% decrease of titratable acidity and vitamin C was noticed. In berries of seedling "N" at the beginning of harvest 232 mg 100 g-1 of total polyphe­nols was determined, whereas the late ripening fruit contained 284 mg 100 g-1 of total polyphenols. Similar relation was observed in 'Czarna' berries (an increase from 164 mg 100 g-1 to 221 mg 100 g-1). The berries of late harvest contained more antho- cyanins (167 mg 100 g-1 in 'Czarna' and 227 mg 100 g-1 in seedling "N") as compared to early collected ones (122 and 173 mg 100 g-1 for, 'Czarna' and "N", respectively). Hydroxycinnamic acids content varied from 37.0 to 29.3 mg 100 g-1, respectively, for early and late collected berries of seedling "N" and from 22.3 mg 100 g-1 to 26.6 mg 100 g-1 for early and late harvested berries of 'Czarna'. Among flavonols, quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-glucoside and two unidentified flavonols with retention times 26 min and 32 min, were determined. Luteolin 7-O-a-glucoside content varied from 4.59 to 7.05 mg 100 g-1 in the early and late harvested berries of seedling "N" and from 3.12 mg 100 g-1 in the early to 4.25 mg 100 g-1 in the late harvested berries of 'Czarna'.
The effects of 19 rootstocks on growth, cropping and mean fruit mass of the 'Rubin' apple trees in fertile soil were investigated in the years 2001-2006. Six years after planting, the trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) was the largest on P 62, M.9 EMLA and Arm 18, and the smallest on PJ 629 (No. 629), J-TE-G, PB-4, P 59 and No. 280. The highest cumulative yields per tree were obtained on the most vigor­ous rootstocks as well as on B 491, P 16, P 63 and P 65. Trees on the latter four root- stocks gave the highest yields per hectare. Trees on P 66 could also be very produc­tive if they were planted at the right density, adequate to their tree size. Trees on P 59, No. 280, P 22, PB-4 and J-TE-G showed a high yield efficiency (expressed as a ratio of cumulative yield to the final TCSA); however, due to the small tree size their yield per area unit was lower. Mean fruit mass for the 5 -year period was not significantly influenced by the rootstocks. The exception was PJ 629 which produced the smallest fruits.
Studies were carried out in an experimental orchard established on the area of Agricultural and Pomicultural Experimental Farm in Przybroda belonging to the Agricultural University in Poznań. The establishing of an orchard in the place of a previously existing one exerted an influence on the tree growth impediment and increased the number of tree losses. Poor growth decreased both the individual yield from one tree and the yielding from the area unit. Irrigation as well as fertilization had an effect on the occurrence of soil fatigue phenomenon. Increased irrigation intensity and low fertilization doses increased the results of replantation disease. The least effects of soil fatigue were found in case of no additional irrigation and an increased dose of tree fertilization. Experimental conditions did not exert any effect on fruit quality.
Studies were carried out on the plum collection maintained at Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, Poland. Observations conducted in the years 2003-2005. Plum cultivars according to ripening time were divided into 5 groups: early ripening (15.07. to 31.07.), mid-early (1.08. to 10.08.), middle (11.08. to 31.08.), mid-late (1.09. to 25.09.) and late (26.08. to 20.10.). With regard to fruit weight the evaluated plum cultivars were classified as follows: very small (up to 20 g), small (21-30 g), medium (31-40 g), medium large (41-50), large (51-60), and very large (over 61 g). In the case of early ripening plum cultivars with small and middle fruits dominated. In the group of mid-late ripening time cultivars with quite big fruits pay big role. However, in the group of late ripening cultivars with small fruits (represented mostly by ‘German Prune’ types) as well as with very large fruits (e.g. cvs Empress, Oneida, President and others) were present.
W doświadczeniu przeprowadzonym w latach 2006-2007 oceniano plonowanie oraz jakość owoców drzew czereśni odmiany ‘Burlat’ na podkładce P-HL A. Zastosowano nawozy wieloskładnikowe: Eurofertil 37 N PRO oraz Fructus-Ogrodnik w dawce 39 kg N∙ha-1. Nie stwierdzono wpływu zastosowanych nawozów na plonowanie drzew. Największą masą 100 owoców charakteryzowały się czereśnie odmiany ‘Burlat’ zbierane z drzew nawożonych nawozem Fructus-Ogrodnik (617 g). Nawozy wieloskładnikowe wpłynęły na zwiększenie zawartości potasu zarówno w liściach (21,38-21,46 g∙kg-1), jak i owocach (12,99-15,48 g∙kg-1) oraz zwiększenie inhibicji rodników DPPH (56,7-57,6%). W liściach oraz owocach pobranych z drzew nawożonych Eurofertil 37 N PRO stwierdzono natomiast mniejszą zawartość N-NO3 (odpowiednio 0,77 i 4,0 g∙kg-1), a po zastosowaniu nawozu Fructus-Ogrodnik stwierdzono większą zawartość kwasów organicznych w owocach (0,48 g∙100 g-1).
W artykule przedstawiono badania dotyczące warunków hodowli patisona, trzech odmian uprawianych w Polsce oraz uzyskanych owoców: Omówiono plonowanie i charakterystykę fitometryczną i fizykochemiczną owoców uwzględniając takie parametry, jak: masa, wielkość i kształt owoców, a także zawartość: suchej masy, ekstraktu, cukrów, wit. C, azotu ogólnego i białka. Podano też potrawy, jakie można sporządzać z owoców patisona.
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