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Blueberries are tasteful fruits and are widely believed to be the source of health beneficial compounds, especially phenolics. Freezing is one of the methods of prolonging their supply beyond vegetative season. The aim of the study was to estimate fruit chemical composition of four blueberry cultivars (‘Spartan’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Jersey’ and ‘Blueray’). Dry weight, total sugar, total acidity, vitamin C and total polyphenol content were determined in fresh berries and after 6 and 12 months of freeze-storage at –25℃ . In generally, ‘Bluecrop’ berries showed the most stabile chemical composition (dry weight, total sugar, total acid content) whereas ‘Spartan’ ones the least. Considering the all storage period the least pronounced changes occurred in total acid content (increase by 0.1 g citric acid · 100g⁻¹) while the most substantial in vitamin C content, decrease by 57% (‘Bluecrop’) – 72% (‘Jersey’).
Poland belongs to leading producers of strawberries in Europe and strawberry production has played a significant role in Polish agribusiness for many years. The present study, conducted in a commercial plantation of a specialized horticultural farm during the period 2009–2011, evaluated the amount and quality of yield of two strawberry cultivars (‘Elsanta’ and ‘Albion’) grown under different cropping systems. The study determined the amount and structure of marketable yield. The different production systems included the cultivation of strawberries from fresh waiting-bed plants and frigo plants (class A and A+). Plants were grown in the ground and on black plastic under the row cropping system and the double-row strip cropping system. The average fresh marketable yield for cv. ‘Elsanta’ was 13.0 t·ha-1 and it was higher by 53.0% than the average strawberry yield for cv. ‘Albion’ (7.1 t·ha-1). Treatment D, in which cv. ‘Elsanta’ class A+ frigo plants were grown on black plastic under the double-row strip cropping system, proved to be the best yielding system – the average fresh marketable yield was 14.4 t·ha-1, while the total marketable yield 17.4 t·ha-1. The lowest average fresh marketable yield was obtained from the cv. ‘Albion’ plantation established from class A frigo plants grown in the ground under the double-row strip cropping system – only 4.9 t·ha-1. The percentage of fresh marketable fruits in the total marketable yield ranged from 66.6% for cv. ‘Elsanta’ to 89.6% for cv. ‘Albion’ plants.
In this research a non-destructive, rapid and cost effective examination machine for the estimation of the ripeness fraction, oil content and free fatty acid level in oil palm fresh fruits bunch was developed. The automatic machine-vision based in- spection system provided consistency, rapid estimation and accep- table accuracy results in non-dest ructive manner. Fresh fruits bunch samples from Tenera cultivar (7 to 20 years trees) were taken from Cimulang plantation, Bogor, Indonesia. Two statistical analysis methods were used: a forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and a multilayer-perceptron artificial neural network analysis. The best prediction of ripeness and oil content models were obtained using the latter method, while the best free fatty acid prediction model was developed by the first method. The models were then employed in the machine-vision inspection systems of the machine. The system best prediction accuracy of ripeness, oil content and free fatty acid models was 93.5, 96.41, and 89.32%, with standard error of prediction being 0.065, 0.044 and 0.068, respectively. The system was tested through a series of field tests, and successfully examined more than 12 t of fruits bunch per hour, without causing damage.
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The purpose of this study is to analyse the demand for fresh fruits in Scotland in order to provide evidence about their sensitivity to changes in prices and income. Six fresh fruit categories were studied using time series for the period 2006 to 2011: citrus, apples and pears, bananas, grapes, soft fruit, a residual category and other fruits. The series were constructed from a consumer panel that reports weekly purchases by approximately 1300 households and which allowed to construct thirteen periods of four weeks each year. The demand for fruits was modelled using a dynamic version of the Almost Ideal Demand System. Short term and long term conditional elasticities (Marshallian, Hicksian and expenditure) were estimated. The results from the long term elasticities indicated the demand for all the categories were sensitive to changes in prices. Grapes and soft fruits were the most price elastic fruits. In addition, whilst all the expenditure elasticities were positive, the elasticity of citrus was greater than one, apple and pears, bananas and grapes were approximately one and soft fruit and other fresh fruits were less than one.
The content of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in fresh fruit and juices was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to determine the safety of some food available in the Polish market. It was found that most fruit samples (90.4%) contained low levels of heavy metals. However, the remaining 9.6% had increased heavy metal contents (Pb 2.2%, Cd 4.4%, Cu, 1.5%, Zn 1.5%). Most fruit juice sample (88%) met the national standard criteria, but 12% exceeded the permissible limits for Pb and Cd (3% and 9%, respectively). The results contained in this paper were presented in the 14th IGWT Symposium, Beijing, China, August 23-29, 2004.
Our paper presents results from surveillance of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables carried out in 2004-05. 747 samples of 39 different types of fresh fruit and vegetables were analyzed for their pesticide residue contents. The highest resides found were: bupirimate residues (2.19 mg/kg), captan residues (1.82 mg/kg), ethylenebisdithiocarbamate residues (1.6 mg/kg), tolylfluanid residues (1.44 mg/kg), procymidone residues (1.19 mg/kg) and chlorpyrifos residues (1.01 mg/kg). In 27 samples (3.6%) residues exceeded national MRLs. Comparisons of the highest residues to ADI levels indicate that fresh fruit and vegetables from southeastern Poland seem to be quite safe for toddlers and adults.
In Poland export of fresh and frozen strawberries to UE countries plays an important role in the state economy. To increase competiveness of Polish strawberries vs Moroccan, Chineese and Spanish ones, there is a need of introducing new table cultivars to cultivation. The aim of the study was to determine chosen chemical parametres of fresh and frozen fruit of ‘Pandora’, ‘Elsanta’, ‘Senga Sengana’, ‘Tarda Vicoda’ , ‘Marmolada’ (‘Onebor’) and ‘Kent’ cultivars. The strawberries were grown on plantation situated near to Szczecin in the 1999 and 2000 seasons. The two-year observation showed no statistically significant differences between cultivars as far as mean soluble solids and dry weight content of fruits was concerned. During lowtemperature storage statistically significant decrease of vitamin C and saccharose was found. Fresh strawberry fruit had significantly higher content of these constituents than frozen ones after 4 and 8 months of cold storage.
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