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Research into the determination of intestinal parasitic levels in free-living animals can provide knowledge enabling action to be taken to improve their health status. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the carcass weight of wild boars and the degree of endoparasite infection. The research was performed on 165 culled wild boars, from which a representative group (n = 50) was separated and divided according to sex (males n = 24, females n = 26) and age (2-3 years). Separate weight groups were defined for males (< 70 kg, n = 6; 70-80 kg, n = 9; > 80 kg, n = 9) and females (< 45 kg, n = 10; 45-60 kg, n = 10; > 60 kg, n = 6). Oesophagostomum spp., Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Eimeria spp. and Strongyloides ransomi were observed and defined in the study population. A statistically significant effect of the overall infection on carcass weight was obtained (F = 9.96; P ≤ 0.01). In the case of overall infection, a more than 7 kg lower carcass weight was observed in infected males. A carcass weight over 15 kg lower was noted for overall infection of females (F = 38.47; P ≤ 0.01), for which average EPG was 2946.67 ± 6485.31 with a median of 400 (50-25 300). Correlations were proven between sex and the average number of Eimeria spp. oocysts, and carcass weight for males (r = –0.84, P ≤ 0.05). In the case of females, correlations were noted between carcass weight and infection by nematodes (r = –0.63, P ≤ 0.05). Studies have shown that there is a need to monitor the environment in order to improve the condition of free-living animals.
The comparative study was performed on 200 European brown hares. Group I consisted of 35 clinically healthy hares kept in cages. Group II comprised 165 clinically healthy hares caught alive in their natural environment. Following the premedication, arterial and venous blood was drawn from the hares of the two groups studied. In the arterial blood, the acid-base balance (ABB) parameters were determined - blood pH, pCO₂, t CO₂, HCO₃⁻, BB, and BE. In the venous blood, the activity of AST, ALT, and FA, concentration of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumins, globulins, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, WBC, RBC, Hb, and Ht were determined. In addition, concentrations of Ca²⁺, P, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻ were measured in the blood serum. It was demonstrated that only the contents of globulins and triglycerides were similar in groups I and II. Concentration of electrolytes and ABB parameters were close to each other in the two studied groups, except for concentration of Mg²⁺ and inorganic P, and CO₂ molecular pressure. In the light of the obtained results a question remains opened: whether successful breeding, understood as an increase in the number of offspring of the reintroduced individuals, is more likely to occur in the case of animals caught alive and, adapted to living in their natural environment, or in the case of caged animals.
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