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Обоснованы способ и тех- ническое решение, которые обеспечивают существенное повышение качества (равномерность фракционного состава) приготовления концентрированных и комбинорованных кормов.
The capacity of functional groups of soil organic matter to form organometallic complexes may efficiently reduce the risk of migration of toxic ions of heavy metals in the environment. Therefore, a research was conducted to determine the effect of composting and pyrolysis of Miscanthus giganteus biomass on the quality of humic compounds and on the ability of these materials to bind cadmium ions from the solution. Both processes did not cause any significantly favorable changes in fractional composition of the humic compounds of the transformed Miscanthus giganteus biomass. In the case of the unprocessed and composted biomass, changes in cadmium sorption by the materials used in the research, depending on Cd dose and how long the sample was in contact with the solution, had a similar course, which indicates that the responses taking place directly after the application of the solution that contained Cd ions were stable. In the case of thermal processing of Miscanthus giganteus biomass, it was found that Cd content in the solution decreased with time. Lower cadmium concentrations in the extracts after separation of the biomass were determined in the series with biologically transformed Miscanthus giganteus.
The influence of different nitrogen forms: (N2), [N2+(NH4++NO3-)], (NH4+), (NO3-), (NH4++NO3-) and (-NH2) on changes of albumin, globulin, prolamin-glutelin, non-fractioned nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen fractions of the protein seed of alkaloid-low content Lupinus albus L. cv. Butan has been studied. The experiments were performed in a greenhouse on perlite using in all cases the constant P, K, Mg and micronutrients (B, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Fe) fertilization. The control was the treatment without any nitrogen support (Nd). It was clearly shown that nitrogen form has significant effect not only on the seed yield and seed protein content, but also on the composition of protein fractions and on the biological value of lupin protein. The main protein fraction of the seeds from all treatments were albumins (16.73-26.10 mgN/g). Among all the treatments, the highest level of globulin was observed for the seeds of plant growing with the symbiotic nitrogen form (15.26 mgN/g), while the lowest one for the control (Nd) (6.86 mgN/g). Symbiotic nitrogen (N2) treatment clearly increased the glutelin-prolamin fraction while the addition of mineral nitrogen (NH4++NO3-) decreased this fraction from 8.40 to 4.48 mgN/g. The lowest level of the glutelin-prolamin fraction was in the absence of any nitrogen (Nd). Non-protein fraction (Nnp) was highest in the case of plants treated with (-NH2) (9.92 mgN/g), and the lowest in the absence of nitrogen (Nd) (4.90 mgN/g). The level of non-fractioned nitrogen (Nr), with exception of [N2+(NH4++NO3-)] and -NH2 treatments, was closest to the start material. The protein fractions (albumins, globulins and glutelins and prolamins) were also electrophoretically characterized. These analysis confirmed the changes in protein composition of particular fractions under the effect of various nitrogen forms used as a fertilizer.
A study on the possibility of application of grasspea wholemeal for the modifi cation of the chemical composition, physical properties and sensory features of traditional white bread was performed. It was demonstrated that an increase in the share of the pulse material from 1.5% to 12% caused an increase in bread yield (130.7–136.3%). An improvement was also noted in the baking loss, from 15.01% to 9.11%, and in the total baking loss - from 16.56 to 12.23%. Increase in the level of the pulse component caused a decrease in bread volume from 100 g of fl our (from 505 to 359 cm3), and a decrease in bread crumb porosity (from 81 to 61%). Admixture of the pulse component caused only a slight decrease in the point score of the bread as compared to traditional wheat bread. The replacement of wheat fl our with grasspea wholemeal had a highly favourable effect on the chemical composition of the bread; the experimental bread produced with 12% of grasspea was characterised by protein content of 14.51% d.m. and total dietary fi bre content at the level of 8.75% d.m.
The aim of the study was to characteristic of organic matter of Bh Podzol horizons formed from granite under following subalpine plant communities in the Karkonosze Mountains: Calamagrostis villosa, Calluna vulgaris, Nardus strictaandFestuca supina. Based on fractional composition of organic matter and structural analysis of humic acids, including: elemental analysis, thermographic analysis, and infrared spectroscopy, diversification of their structure was found. Accumulated in Bh horizon humic substances under communities of Nardus strictaand Callunavulgariswere characterised as more humify with a substantial participation of fulvic fraction. Humic acids extracted from soil of these horizons were characterised as less aromatized and less oxidized. These results point out differential course of humification process taking place under different plant communities, which plays major role in components movement during podzolisation.
Investigations were conducted to determine the impact of urban environment and cultivation on the content and fractional composition of humus in anthropogenically transformed soils of selected convent gardens in Cracow. Convent gardens in Cracow, mostly utilised as vegetable gardens, are located in densely built up city areas. On the basis of conducted research, it was established that hortisols of studied gardens are characterised by a high abundance of good quality humus. Humines and humic acids prevail over fulvic acids in humus compounds of these soils. Value of C:N ratio evidences advanced mineralisation of organic matter and good biological activity of soil.
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