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Insects (Superclass Hexapoda) are the most palaeodiverse as well as the most biodiverse organisms of all time but probably total under 20 million species. Familial/generic data agree with an exponential growth model of the evolution of terrestrial life. Ordinal data is consistent with a logistic model but with a major perturbation superimposed (the Triassic extinction). The global taxonomic carrying capacity is about 31 for orders whereas familial and species data suggest power functions. Key events in the Phanerozoic insect record are briefly discussed.
A new genus and species of Baleyopterygidae, Aristoleuctra yehae gen. and sp. nov. collected from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China, is described and illustrated. This is the first report of Baleyopterygidae from China. With the establishment of Aristoleuctra, Baissoleuctra conspecta Sinitshenkova, 1992 from Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous of East Siberia is transferred to this genus.
The new genera and species of the new fossil tribe Protodikraneurini trib. nov. of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) are described. The new genera and species are: Protodikraneura gen. nov. with Protodikraneura cephalica sp. nov. and Protodikraneura nasti sp. nov., Stareono mirabilis gen. nov. and sp. nov. The keys to recently recognized tribes of Typhlocybinae is given. Taxonomie position of Protodikraneurini as well as extant tribes of Typhlocybinae is discussed. Some other fossils formerly believed to be representatives of Typhlocybinae and their placement is also discussed. "Typhlocyba" bremi Heer, 1855 is excluded from Typhlocybinae.
Aphids are marked by their high polymorphism, but species reported from Baltic amber are known only from one morph. Aphids most frequently observed in Baltic amber belong to the genus Germaraphis HEIE but only apterous morphs and larval forms are aboundant. On the other hand, the genus Mindarus KOCH is known only from alate morphs. Of superfamily Phylloxeroidea (comprising Adelgidae, Elektraphididae and Phylloxeridae) only the extinct family Elektraphididae is known from Baltic amber. Although as many as 10 species have been described, only alate morphs have been reported. In collection of the Museum of the Earth in Warsaw apterous representatives of Adelgidae (Adelges balticus sp. n.) and Phylloxeridae (Acanthochermes longirostris sp. n.) have been found and described.
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The new aeshnopteran family Enigmaeshnidae is proposed for Enigmaeshna deprei gen. et sp. nov., the first fossil insect collected as imprint in the Earliest Cenomanian clay of the Puy−Puy quarry at Tonnay−Charente (Charente−Maritime, SW France). The bed bearing E. deprei was previously known for its highly diversified fossil plant assemblage. Although this taxon belongs to the much derived clade Aeshnodea, it is characterized by several unique hind wing venation characters, never found in other Aeshnoptera, viz. part of MAb distal of the trigonal planate very long, and presence of five posterior branches of AA directed towards posterior wing margin.
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