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1

Toxocariasis and lung function: Relevance of a neglected infection in an urban landscape

100%
Walsh M. G., Haseeb M. A.
Acta Parasitologica
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2014
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tom 59
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nr 1
Toxocariasis has been highlighted as a potentially important neglected infection of poverty in developed countries that experience substantive health disparities such as the United States. An association between Toxocara infection and lung function, in concert with a relatively high prevalence of infection, may mark an important mechanism by which this infection could contribute significantly to the differential morbidity across different socioeconomic groups and landscapes. To assess the potential relevance of this infection in a dense urban environment, we measured the association between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and serology diagnosed Toxocara infection in a sample of US-born New York City residents. We identified a significant independent association between Toxocara infection and lung function, wherein those with previous Toxocara infection had a 236.9 mL reduced FEV1 compared to those without Toxocara infection even after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, level of education, smoking status, body mass index, and pet ownership. These findings from New York City corroborate similar findings in a national sample and, while the cross-sectional data preclude a direct causal relationship, this study identifies a potentially important neglected infection in a dense urban landscape.
2
Content available remote

Cardiovascular effects of methacholine-induced airway obstruction in man

100%
Sharman J. E., Johns D. P., Marrone J., Walls J., Wood-Baker R., Walters E. H.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2014
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tom 65
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nr 3
3
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Spirometric values and aerobic efficiency of children and adolescents with hearing loss

84%
Zebrowska A., Zwierzchowska A.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 4
443-447
Vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), mean forced expiratory flow (FEV25-75), and maximum voluntary volume (MVV) were measured in 36 girls and 36 boys with hearing loss and compared with the same number of normal healthy children, all subjects were aged 10-16 years. They participated in an exercise test to calculate VO2 max in order to determine their physical efficiency. We found that all spirometric indices tended to be lower in deaf children, in all age-groups studied and irrespective of gender, compared with their hearing counterparts; the differences assumed significance with respect to PEF and MVV (P<0.05). Moreover, some deaf children had an appreciably lower level of VO2max compared with hearing children. Our results demonstrate that sensory deprivation of deaf children affects functional capabilities of the respiratory system.
4
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Factors influencing lung function: are the predicted values for spirometry reliable enough?

84%
Ostrowski S., Barud W.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 4
263-271
Spirometric lung function parameters are used as a diagnostic tool and to monitor therapy effectiveness or the course of disease. On the other hand, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are important predictors of morbidity and mortality in elderly persons. In clinical use, FEV1 and FVC are measured in liters and usually each is expressed as a percentage of the predicted value. Reference values used for the prediction of lung function should be reliable. It seems crucial that the reference cohort be representative. There is no doubt that gender and height are the most important predictors of lung function. The third predictor, age, may be a confounding factor. The study of age-dependent changes in lung function through the lifespan reveals distinctive differences. The FEV1 and FVC in adults are related to the maximum level attained, the plateau period, and the rate of lung function decline. A non-linear dependence between age and lung function parameters is more complex. The maximum level of lung function, possible to attain, is influenced by a genetic factor. The plateau and decline phases are closely connected with several independent predictors. In the last decade, some new factors influencing lung function have been established. A relation between lung function and hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus is a novel field of interest. Also, the influence on lung function of waist size, weight, and body composition or muscle strength are underscored. These, previously not full well unrecognized, factors make it difficult to get accurate norms with regression equations, traditionally using sex, height, and age as predictors.
5
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Cardiovascular effects of ethanol extract of Rubus Chingii Hu (Rosaceae) in rats: an in vivo and in vitro approach

84%
Su X. H., Duan R., Sun Y. Y., Wen J. F., Kang D. G., Lee H. S., Cho K. W., Jin S. N.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2014
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tom 65
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nr 3
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