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Biochemical composition of wheat grain as influenced by some beetles feeding

100%

Krzymanska J., Golebiowska Z.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Ochrony Roślin

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1987

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tom 28

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nr 1-2

2

Fishing behaviour in the long-fingered bat Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837): an experimental approach

100%

Aihartza J., Almenar D., Salsamendi E., Goiti U., Garin I.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2008

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tom 10

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nr 2

To study the fishing behaviour of Myotis capaccinii, we performed an experiment in a flight tent containing an artificial pond. We recorded the behaviour of two groups of bats — eight individuals from two different roosts — using IR video camcorders and ultrasound detectors, and evaluated diet by analyzing faeces. Nightly, increasing amounts of fish were released in the pond. Our data show that M. capaccinii is able to exhibit fishing behaviour when fish occur in high densities in shallow waters, gaffing live fish from the water using their hind feet. They were attracted neither by dead fish floating, nor by ripples made by fishes feeding on the water surface. Bats showed a specific fishing behaviour with two main foraging patterns: A) long series of circular flights, skimming along the water and dipping in softly twice or three times in each roundabout; B) long figure-eight loops with bats flying faster and higher, swooping down on the centre of the pond, where they snapped their hind feet hard into the water. Compared with the echolocation calls used to catch insects from the water's surface in the wild, terminal buzzes were incomplete during the dips made to fish. Buzz II were always lacking, and buzz I had much longer inter-pulse intervals. This suggests that they were not pursuing specific targets but dipping randomly. We propose a scenario in which fishing behaviour occurs in the wild, linked to the seasonal drought of small ponds, marshes, or channels where large numbers of small fish become readily available and thus a profitable resource.

3

Post-breeding habitat selection of the Grey-backed Shrike [Lanius tephronotus] in Sichuan, China

100%

Tryjanowski P., Reino L. M.

Biological Letters

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2004

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tom 41

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nr 2

195-197

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Conspicuousness of a flush-pursue predator, the painted redstart [Myioborus pictus L.]: an experiment using bird models in a breeding habitat

100%

Jablonski P. G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 1

White patches in the Painted Redstart (Myioborus pictus) are adaptations to flush prey during flush-pursue foraging which is characteristic for this species. Conspicuousness of white wing patches was measured in terms if time needed for a human observer to find a taxidermic model in a natural habitat. The time to find a model without patches did not differ from the time to find a model with white patches, indicating that white patches do not confer higher conspicuousness to non-moving redstarts. The results are discussed in terms of predation risk from such visually orienting predators as hawks or pygmy owls, and in comparison to other Myioborus species, all which do not posses the white wing patches.

5

The blooming, nectar secretion and foraging by bees of three species of Agastache

100%

Jablonski B., Koltowski Z.

Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe

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2000

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tom 44

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nr 2

6

The painted redstart [Myioborus pictus L.] search rate of a cryptic versus conspicuous prey: a field test of optimal search models

100%

Jablonski P. G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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tom 51

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nr 3

Models of optimal search rates predict that predators increase the search rate when availability of conspicuous prey increases relative to cryptic prey. I tested this prediction by comparing foraging hop rates by 19 Painted Redstarts (Myioborus pictus) - insectivorous birds in Arizona, USA. Redstarts often use flashy displays of open wings and tail to flush their prey and to subsequently chase the prey in air. Such flush-displays make the prey conspicuous and easy to detect. Hence, foraging mode affects relative availability of conspicuous versus cryptic prey: birds foraging with frequent flush-displays encounter conspicuous prey more often then birds foraging with infrequent flush-displays. As predicted, the hop rates during foraging with infrequent flush-displays were lower than hop rates during foraging with frequent displays.

7

Foraging of white stork Ciconia ciconia in forests – the heritage of an ancient behaviour?

84%

Tryjanowski P., Grzywaczewski G., Zbyrt A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 3

The white stork Ciconia ciconia is a typical open-area species, foraging mainly in farmland and wetland areas. The main aim of this paper was to describe the foraging ecology of white storks inside un-typical habitat, i.e. forests in Poland. Data on white stork feeding in forests were based on responses to questionnaires distributed to several national mailing lists with a total of 1700 (16% subscribers) and via emails to naturalists (mainly to white stork researchers). In total 63 observations, from the years 2000–2015, were collected, mainly from eastern Poland. In all cases, only a single adult individual was recorded inside the forest, with a mean (±SD) distance to the forest edge of 50 ± 102 m (n = 597) and 1315 ± 1015 m (n = 63) to the nearest white stork nest. Birds foraging inside forests were recorded from late May to mid-August, but the greatest numbers were seen during June. The main prey was a lizard, the slow-worm Anguis fragilis, with a maximum of 10 individuals collected by a stork during one foraging session. We discuss the origin of the observed foraging behaviour, noting that the species is flexible and opportunistic in terms of consumed food. The observed foraging is probably similar to the original behaviour of the species within primeval forest, although food opportunism helps the white stork to use new foraging areas, for example landfills.

8

Nornik polny [Microtus arvalis] - jego pokarmy oraz uszkodzenia

84%

Skorupska A.

Progress in Plant Protection

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1999

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tom 39

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nr 2

472-474

9

Pollenivory in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) seems to be much more common than it was thought

84%

Czechowski W., Marko B., Eros K., Csata E.

Annales Zoologici

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2011

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tom 61

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nr 3

So far, besides some specialised Neotropical ant species of the genus Cephalotes Latr., the Palaearctic Myrmica schencki Viereck, M. rubra (L.) and Tetramorium cf. caespitum (L.) were known to be, at least facultative, pollen-eaters. The present paper reports on nine other common Palaearctic ant species occasionally feeding on pine pollen: Myrmica ruginodis Nyl., F. pratensis Retz., F. cinerea Mayr, F. clara For., F. sanguinea Latr., F. exsecta Nyl., Lasius niger (L.), L. platythorax Seifert, and L. fuliginosus (Latr.) and re-confirms pollenivory of M. schencki. Pollenivory of all these species was revealed based on the presence of pollen grains in the alimentary canal of the dissected workers. The possible role of pollen in the diet of ants as a generally omnivorous insect group is discussed.

10

Importance of old forest stands for diversity of birds in managed pine forests – a case study from Augustow Forest (NE Poland)

84%

Zawadzka D., Drozdowski S., Zawadzki G., Zawadzki J., Mikitiuk A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 2

We assessed the assemblages of birds inhabiting pine-dominated managed forest, aged between 1–5 years and above 140 years. Birds were counted on study plots representing eight different phases to the forest's development, with nesting, foraging and migratory guild categories recognised. Numbers of bird species and population densities, both increased markedly with stand age (respectively r = 0.988 and r = 0.936, P < 0.001). While numbers of ground-nesting bird species failed to correlate with stand age, successively older stands did support ever-greater proportions of species in the assemblage that nested in tree crowns (r = 0.976, P < 0.005) or tree holes (r = 0.833, P < 0.005). Raptors were most abundant in forest at the oldest stages of growth, and there was an age-gradient-related increase in the shares of both plant-eating species (r = 0.952, P < 0.005) and raptors (r = 0.764, P < 0.005). Resident birds were most numerous in the oldest forest. PCA for ten selected variables (relating to guild type) showed that the two principal components explained almost 98% of the variation among groups of bird guilds in relation to forest age. On the basis of their suitability for birds it was possible to distinguish three categories of stand by age group, of which the first encompasses the initial stage, the second a broad interval involving middle-aged stands of between 16 and 140 years, and the third forest more than 140 years old. The presence of the oldest stands of all can thus be seen to play a very important role in maintaining high-diversity populations of birds in managed forest.

11

Wild food plants used in the villages of the Lake Vrana Nature Park (northern Dalmatia, Croatia)

84%

Luczaj L., Fressel N., Perkovic S.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2013

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tom 82

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nr 4

Croatia is a country of diverse plant use traditions, which are still insufficiently documented. The aim of this study was to document local traditions of using wild food plants around Lake Vrana (northern Dalmatia, Zadar region). We interviewed 43 inhabitants of six traditional villages north of Lake Vrana. On average 12 species were listed, which in total produced an inventory of 55 food plants and 3 fungi taxa. Wild vegetables were most widely collected, particularly by older women who gathered the plants mainly when herding their flocks of sheep. Wild fruits and mushrooms were rarely collected. The former used to be an important supplementary food for children, or for everyone during times of food shortage, and the latter were relatively rare due to the dry climate and shortage of woods. The most commonly collected plants are wild vegetables: Cichorium intybus, Foeniculum vulgare, Sonchus oleraceus, Asparagus acutifolius, Papaver rhoeas, Rumex pulcher, Daucus carota, Allium ampeloprasum and Silene latifolia.

12

Finding prey by associative learning in gleaning bats: experiments with a Natterer`s bat Myotis nattereri

84%

Siemers B. M.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2001

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tom 03

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nr 2

I show that a Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) was operantly conditioned to echo cues from a large object; in this case a round bowl full of mealworms. In a subsequent choice experiment the bat preferred the empty, round bowl over an unknown, quadratic bowl filled with prey. I suggest that the quick but transient learning of cues indicating prey rich habitat patches might be adaptive for bats hunting in cluttered environments, where they can often not directly detect prey using echolocation. Therefore, it might be an additional foraging strategy of some gleaning bats to search for specific structural cues indicating a high probability of prey being present.

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Outstations as stable meeting points for workers from different nests in a polydomous nest system of Formica exsecta Nyl. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

84%

Csata E., Marko B., Eros K., Gal C., Szasz-Len A.-M., Czekes Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 1

The mound building narrowheaded ant Formica exsecta builds guarding outstations, usually at the root of the aphid-housing plants. Colonies of this species can develop into huge polydomous systems, so-called supercolonies, made up of several hundred of related nests and outstations. Although the existence of these guarding structures is well-known, still there is little information available concerning their characteristics. In the frame of this study we analyze the characteristics and the integrative role of outstations within a large polydomous system of F. exsecta as a function of ant nest density. The study was carried out in Transylvania, Romania. Two areas with different ant nest densities were selected for the purpose of this study: high (HD) and low density (LD) sites. Parallel to the density of ant nests, the density of outstations was also higher at the HD site, while the size of outstations and the number of ants residing in them did not differ significantly between the two sites. Outstations were usually maintained by a single ant nest at the LD site, thus the common exploitation of food resources was less frequent, whereas at the HD site outstations were used by more ant nests. This article provides the first evidence to shared use of outstations in F. exsecta. In the view of our results outstations, in addition to guarding aphid colonies, also function as permanent meeting points for workers from different nests, which contribute essentially to the integration of nests within a polydomous system.

14

Effect od hawthorn spider mite (Tetranychus viennensis Zacher) feeding on some physiological processes in apple-tree seedlings

84%

Skorupska A., Tomczyk A.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Ochrony Roślin

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1987-1988

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tom 29

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nr 2

15

Senescence and learning in honeybee [Apis mellifera] workers

84%

Tofilski A.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2000

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tom 60

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nr 1

Foraging by honeybee workers was investigated from the moment of the first foraging flight until death. To minimise the influence of factors other than senescence the foragers were trained to collect food from an artificial flower close to their hive. During each foraging trip the workers repeatedly visited an artificial flower, collecting one microlitre of 50% sugar solution per visit. During the first 50 flights the mean time taken to collect one portion of food decreased significantly and the number of visits to the artificial flower per flight increased significantly. During flights following the 50th flight, the mean time taken to collect one portion of food increased significantly and the number of visits to the artificial flower per flight decreased significantly. The results confirm earlier observations that the foraging behaviour of honeybee workers is not only influenced by learning, but also by the effects of senescence.

16

Flight activity reaction to temperature changes in Apis dorsata, Apis laboriosa and Apis mellifera

84%

Woyke J., Wilde J., Wilde M.

Journal of Apicultural Science

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2003

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tom 47

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nr 2

17

A survey of the Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus during the non-breeding season in a landscape of Western Poland

84%

Surmacki A., Stepniewski J.

Acta Ornithologica

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2003

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tom 38

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nr 1

18

Habitat preferences of foraging Rooks Corvus frugilegus during the breeding period in the agricultural landscape of Eastern Poland

84%

Kasprzykowski Z.

Acta Ornithologica

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2003

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tom 38

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nr 1

19

Abundance of nectar secretion and pollen production by Polish hybrid composite cultivars of rapeseed

84%

Koltowski Z.

Journal of Apicultural Science

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2003

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tom 47

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nr 2

20

Differences in the range of faecal dry matter content between feeding types of captive wild ruminants

84%

Clauss M., Lechner-Doll M., Streich W. J.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 2

The dry matter content of 245 faecal samples of 81 species of captive wild ruminants was investigated. Samples were taken from 10 different zoos from temperate climate during the winter months. All animals had ad libitum access to drinking water. Species were classified as frugivores (FR, n = 5), browsers (BR, n = 16), intermediate feeders (IM, n = 35), and grazers (GR, n = 25). While no difference was observed in the average faecal dry matter content between the feeding types, the range of dry matter contents increased continually from FR, BR, IM to GR, ie both the driest and the wettest faeces of this study were produced by grazing ruminants. As it has been shown that faecal dry matter content is a function of the length of the colon descendens of a ruminant species, these results can be interpreted as an indication of a relatively limited variation in anatomical design in this respect in the evolutionary older FR and BR, and a relatively larger variation in anatomical design - and probably niche adaptation - in IM and GR. This corresponds to the greater range of habitat niches that IM and ÔR manage to occupy. Due to this increased variation in the anatomical design of the lower hindgut, GR are regarded as "morphophysiologically progressive ruminants", in contrast to BR which are regarded as "morphophysiologically conservative ruminants".

Ograniczanie wyników

Biochemical composition of wheat grain as influenced by some beetles feeding