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The research was carried out in 2006 within the area of forest nursery in Okalewo, the Forest Inspectorate Skrwilno (Central Poland, at 53º02´N, 19º23´E). The aim of the study was to determine the effects of root pruning in one-year Scots pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) on their growth after transplanting. The vertical roots of one-year Scots pine seedlings were pruned to the length of 5, 10, 15 i 20 cm and measured. The scope of measurements included: stem length and thickness, total root length, root length within thickness classes, surface root area, root volume as well as the number of root tips and ramifications. The measurements of root systems were performed with the use of a scanner and WinRhizo software. The seedlings were transplanted and were growing in the nursery all through the vegetation season 2006. In October of this year the seedlings were lifted from the ground and measured again at the same scope. Reiterated measurements allowed evaluation of increment characteristics after transplanting. The results indicated negative impacts of intensive root pruning before transplantation on seedling survival rates. Severe pruning of seedling vertical roots had negative effects on increment gained by both above- and underground seedling parts. Pruning roots to 5 cm of length significantly decreased pine seedling survival rate of. On the other hand, 20 cm long roots have no significant effects on seedling survival and increment but they can cause difficulties in seedling nursery cultivation.
The respective investigations were carried out in the central rearing station of bulls at Mrozowo on 92 animals aging 1-12 months. Every month blood samples were taken from bulls and the level of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leucocytes, hematocrit, total protein and its fractions, urea, α-amine nitrogen, AspAT, ALAT, AP, glucose, cholesterol and bilirubin was determined. The results were subjected to the statistical analysis. It has been found that along with the growth of bulls increased in the blood serum the total protein level due to an increase of γ-globulin fractions. The activity increased since the age of 5 months and then it gradually decreased. The cholesterol level increased since the age of 4 months. Among the blood indices investigated the stablest values in subsequent month of life of the bulls showed erythrocytes, hematocrit and albumins.
The study presents the results of investigation on reaction of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) leaves observed next year after planting seedlings in different positions in a young spruce stand located in upper mountain conditions. The methods of chemical analyses and assessments of chlorophyll fluorescence were applied with the aim to evaluate a course of leaf adaptation. In the young spruce stand located in the Karkonoše Mts, bare root beech seedlings after cultivation in full light were planted into three main positions to spruce trees (under the crown, within crown perimeter and in stand gaps). Next year after planting, the total biomass, leaf nutrient content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were evaluated. The beech trees planted under spruce (Picea sp.) crowns had significantly lower specific leaf mass and the mean leaf area was decreasing from shade to sun. Differences in nutrient contents were not significant between the treatments. We found significantly higher values of minimal (F0) and the maximum fluorescence (Fm) as well as of the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) in the leaves of beeches growing under the spruce crown. Significant differences among treatments were found also in the courses of the values of maximum fluorescence yield Y(II) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Our study indicated that bud forming processes are only partially responsible for physiological properties of beech leaves evaluated next year after planting. Photosynthetic performance is also influenced by actual growing conditions. A great part of acclimation occurs already in the first year after planting (change of the light conditions). We speculate that this phase of gradual acclimation of the assimilation apparatus can be one of the reasons of physiological weakening of the plant after planting to different light environment.
Celem pracy bylo poznanie ekstensywności i intensywności inwazji Eimeria sp. u klinicz­nie zdrowych jagniąt w pierwszym roku ich życia w warunkach hodowlano-klimatycznych woj. olsztyńskiego. Badaniami koproskopowymi objęto 75 jagniąt wybranych losowo ze stada liczącego ok. 100 matek i 150 jagniąt. Próby kału pobierano co miesiąc. Jego badanie przeprowadzono zmodyfikowaną metodą Darlinga (flotacja na mieszaninie równych części glicerolu i nasyconego roztworu NaCl). W celu określenia intensywności inwazji kokcydiów zmodyfikowano metodę Gobzema, co dało wyniki porównywalne z metodą McMastera. Stwierdzono, że szczyt ekstensywności i intensywności inwazji Eimeria spp. u jagniąt występuje w wieku 5-6 tygodni. Intensywność inwazji zaczyna spadać krótko po odsadzeniu jagniąt od matek i spadek ten trwa aż do końca 13. miesiąca życia. W tym samym czasie ekstensywność inwazji zmniejsza się tylko nieznacznie, utrzymując się wciąż w granicach 70-80%.
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