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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cooking time on the cooking quality and texture properties of spaghetti made with different raw materials. As a result of extension in the cooking time, an increase was observed in the amount of water absorbed by the products, with a simultaneous increase in the index of pasta mass gain after cooking. A high significant correlation between weight increase index and moisture of cooked spaghetti was observed (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001). The dry matter losses, during 4-16 minutes cooking of spaghetti, were positively correlated with the distance for maximum cutting force and with the cutting work. The correlation coefficients were 0.85 and 0.51, respectively. The highest values of the cutting force and the cutting work characterised pasta cooked in the time immediately preceding the minimum cooking time. The application of cooking times longer than the minimum caused a decrease in the firmness of the pasta but the changes were relatively slight. This shows a high resistance to overcooking of all tested spaghetti.
The aim of 3 -year experiment was to evaluate quality and chemical composition of blue honeysuckle berries cultivar 'Czarna' and non-specified seedling "N" as de­pendent on time of ripening. The results obtained showed that berries harvested later were bigger but less firm. Furthermore, an increase of soluble solids content was observed in fruit of both cultigens at the end of harvest (for seedling "N" from 11 to 13.5% and for 'Czarna' from 9.8% to 12.6%). On the other hand, for late-harvested berries of both cultigens 20% decrease of titratable acidity and vitamin C was noticed. In berries of seedling "N" at the beginning of harvest 232 mg 100 g-1 of total polyphe­nols was determined, whereas the late ripening fruit contained 284 mg 100 g-1 of total polyphenols. Similar relation was observed in 'Czarna' berries (an increase from 164 mg 100 g-1 to 221 mg 100 g-1). The berries of late harvest contained more antho- cyanins (167 mg 100 g-1 in 'Czarna' and 227 mg 100 g-1 in seedling "N") as compared to early collected ones (122 and 173 mg 100 g-1 for, 'Czarna' and "N", respectively). Hydroxycinnamic acids content varied from 37.0 to 29.3 mg 100 g-1, respectively, for early and late collected berries of seedling "N" and from 22.3 mg 100 g-1 to 26.6 mg 100 g-1 for early and late harvested berries of 'Czarna'. Among flavonols, quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-glucoside and two unidentified flavonols with retention times 26 min and 32 min, were determined. Luteolin 7-O-a-glucoside content varied from 4.59 to 7.05 mg 100 g-1 in the early and late harvested berries of seedling "N" and from 3.12 mg 100 g-1 in the early to 4.25 mg 100 g-1 in the late harvested berries of 'Czarna'.
The investigation aimed at assessing the quality and storability of 'Golden Deli­cious' apples. The experiment was performed in two storage seasons (2006/2007 and 2007/2008). Fruit treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and untreated fruit were stored at 1°C in normal atmosphere (NA), and in three combinations of con­trolled atmosphere (CA) with the gaseous composition of CO2:O2 - 1.5:1.5; 3.0:3.0; and 5.0:3.0. Fruit quality was assessed after 2, 4 and 6 months of storage; both imme­diately after storage and after 7 days of being kept at room temperature. In the ex­periment a drastic inhibition of the intensity of ethylene production in apples treated with 1 -MCP was noted, regardless of the conditions and the length of storage time. Treating fruit with 1-MCP as well as their storage in controlled atmosphere conditions resulted in higher flesh firmness of apples, both directly after storage and after 7 days at room temperature. In the first 4 months of storage the effect of 1 -MCP treatment on fruit quality was clearly more visible in NA than in CA. With the prolongation of storage time a constant decrease of titratable acidity in apples was observed. The rate of this process was significantly slower in the case of fruits stored in controlled atmosphere than in normal atmosphere. The differences between these storage technologies were even more visible after the shelf life than directly after storage. The post-harvest treatment of apples with 1-MCP, substantially limited the decrease of apple titratable acidity, especially under the NA conditions. Fungal diseases (grey mould rot, bull's eye rot and blue mould rot) occurred mostly on fruits stored in normal atmosphere. Treating apples with 1 -MCP usually decreased the per­centage of rotten fruits both directly after storage and after the shelf life period.
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