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The segment of young consumers meets a particular interest on the side of both market researchers and business. As it was noticed in the report Bogactwo mądrości - spełnianie potrzeb starszych konsumentów. “The prevailing in recent decades cult of youth has shaped the way in which firms perceive the consumer. Though at present the bigger and bigger and more and more influential group of consumers are individuals aged 50+, the majority of suppliers of products and services have still been designing and adjusting their offer only to the young generation” (Deloitte, 2012). It is this group of consumers which is perceived as one of potential and innovative consumers. Hence the knowledge of the young people’s financial standing, competences, behaviour is of substantial cognitive and applicative importance. An aim of the article is to present the young Poles’ financial standing in the light of findings of the survey for the National Register of Debts as well as the selected competences of young consumers based on results of the quantitative (main) survey carried out among 1000 Poles (recognised as at least minimally competent) in August 2013, for two groups: individuals aged 18 - 29 accounting for 26% and, for comparison, aged 30 - 39 accounting for 14% of the population surveyed. The survey was carried out with the use of a questionnaire of the survey by the CATI (computer-assisted telephone interview) method. The surveys carried out by NRD show that more than 1/3 of young Poles receive money from parents or family, or have bills paid thereby. Independently able to subsist is every fourth 25 - 30-years old individual and as much as 14% 30-years old ones. Young people are more often satisfied than dissatisfied with their financial standing. Almost every second young Pole is satisfied or very satisfied with their financial standing; only 23% are dissatisfied or highly dissatisfied. As much as 30% of the respondents were unable to evaluate their standing. Young Poles’ households’ incomes are highly diversified. On average, young Poles’ families have at their disposal the amount of 2,669 zlotys per month. Living on credit is for many young people the only possibility to start their independent lives. Almost one half of Poles up to the age of 35 years availed themselves with credits and loans whenever. In turn, the authors’ surveys indicate that financial competences of young Poles require educational activities whose need is indicated by the respondents. Many young people do not plan their budget or special purpose spending, do not prepare a purchase list, although many young people display high self-assessment of their competences as regards finance management. The presented research findings have the cognitive and applicative character. The article is of the research nature.
The article aims to examine the peculiarities of the financial mechanism of the transboundary natural resources management, which is very diversified all over the world and comprises: trust funds, ongoing revolving funds, public-private partnerships, public funding in member countries. Promoting the transboundary cooperation of natural resources management is characterized with frequent underfunding and resolving its mechanisms is not sufficient. The lack of transboundary management funding is reflected by weak results of institutional development of the transboundary regions in their entirity. The process of funding of the transboundary natural resources management should consist of four major steps to promote the development of the transboundary institutional mechanisms: the initiation process, institutional mechanism, program realization and investments within the common management of the transboundary natural resources. The article defines the following principles of the financial mechanism for transboundary natural resources management: the principle of the annual contribution of each member country to the Euroregion budget, the polluter-pays principle, the principle of fund receiving for the provision of services. On the grounds of the analysis of foreign experiences we offer two ways of creating specific funds to support the transboundary water resources management, such as: special financing fund and basin trust fund. The effective managing of the transboundary natural resources demands the presence of the local goverment institutions which may aid the cooperation between countries and realization of the common strategy and managing policy. The proper funding of the transboundary cooperation mechanisms and transboundary institutions, which manage these resources, should be performed steadily. Especially funding the creation and maintainance of the institutional mechanisms, building a potential, developing legal frameworks, managing (including monitoring of the data exchange and evaluation), and supporting the realization of common programs of optimalization of fair use of and protection of common transboundary natural resources. All the traditional and innovative financial mechanisms should be treated as options for balanced funding of the transboundary management institutions in order to promote the common transboundary management of natural resources and support implementing the regionally coordinated policy.
System and economic transformations initiated in 1989 compelled management reform not only in the private but also in the public sector. In order to meet the requirements of changing reality self-government units must strive at a more efficient management of resources at their disposal. Municipality budget is one of the driving forces of local development, therefore using modern techniques and methods for its planning, realization and control has a significant influence on generating positive economic results.
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