Wyniki wyszukiwania - AGRO

1

Rapid DNA extraction for screening soil filamentous fungi using PCR amplification

100%

Plaza G. A., Upchurch R., Brigmon R. L., Whitman W. B., Ulfig K.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2004

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tom 13

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nr 3

A simple and rapid procedure for efficiently isolating fungi DNA suitable for use as a template for PCR amplification and other molecular assays is described. The main advantages of the method are: (1) the mycelium is directly recovered from Petri-dish cultures; (2) the technique is rapid and relatively easy to perform , and (3) it allows for processing of around 50 samples during a single day; (4) it is inexpensive; (5) the quality and quantity of DNA obtained are suitable for molecular assays; (6) it can be applied to filamentous fungi from soil as well as from a fungi from other environmental sources; and (7) it does not require the use of expensive and specialized equipment or hazardous reagents.

2

Heterologous expression of genes in filamentous fungi

100%

Kruszewska J. S.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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1999

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tom 46

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nr 1

Isolation of some biologically important proteins from natural sources was found to be too expensive or scarcely possible (human proteins). The problem could be solved by expression of heterologous genes. Many biologically active proteins have been successfully expressed in filamentous fungi, some of them, however, at a low level. Thus, improvement of this technique appears to be a very important task. The process comprises several steps. Some of them, such as efficient transformation, vector construction, processing of signal sequences, post-translational modifications and secretion of the expressed proteins, have been intensively investigated. This review presents obstacles and problems encountered in expression of heterologous genes and discusses strategies of development in this area.

3

The fungus Penicillium notatum 1, a new source of dextranase

88%

Szczodrak J., Pleszczynska M., Fiedurek J.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

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1994

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tom 42

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nr 2

4

Mechanism of aniline degradation by yeast strain Candida methanosorbosa BP-6

75%

Mucha K., Kwapisz E., Kucharska U., Okruszek A.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2010

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tom 59

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nr 4

The ability of some bacteria and filamentous fungi to degrade aniline and its derivatives was reported earlier in the literature. However, there was no information about the biodegradation of aniline by yeast strains. The present work is focused on yeast strain Candida methanosorbosa BP-6 which was isolated from the wastewater pool of the old dye factory "Boruta" in Zgierz by enrichment technique and identified by standard microbiological methods. We have found that strain C. methanosorbosa BP-6 readily grows in the presence of aniline and can degrade this substrate. Relatively good separation of peaks corresponding to aniline and its biodegradation intermediates allowed us their identification and quantification by HPLC methodology. We have found that major intermediates of this degradation are: catechol, cis,CM-mucontc acid, muconolactone, 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone, 3-oxoadipic acid and succinic acid. Our results provide strong evidence that biodegradation of aniline by the yeast strain C. methanosorbosa BP-6 proceeds according to the intradiolic pathway.

5

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Colonization by fungi of wood chips stored in industrial conditions

75%

Kropacz A., Fojutowski A.

Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty

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2014

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tom 57

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nr 193

The long-term storage of chips in the form of piles visibly decreases the quality of this material. The aim of the research was to identify the colonization by fungi of forest chips intended for energy purposes and the growth of fungi, as well as the changes they can cause in wood during the storage of chips. The first sample for biological tests was taken when a test pile was being raised on the premises ofa power plant (the initial state) and successive samples were taken from the inside of the pile after 30, 60 and 120 days of storage. The surfaces of the samples were observed using a stereoscopic microscope. Wood inocula, taken from the inside of the samples, were placed on a sterile culture medium, incubated for 10 days, and then observed under a microscope. Numerous filamentous fungi, responsible for the soft rot of wood, were isolated from the samples taken when the pile was raised and after 30 and 60 days of storage; however, no traces of decay in these chips were observed under the microscope. For the first time, fungi belonging to the Basidiomycetes class were observed on chips taken from the pile after 120 days. Hence, it is only after 120 days that some of the changes in chip quality, signalised bya decrease in mass, may be connected with the growth of Basidiomycetes.

6

Characteristics of selected features of brewing yeasts in environments containing T-2 toxin

75%

Foszczynska B., Dziuba E., Kawa-Rygielska J., Chmielewska J., Wojtatowicz M.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Biotechnology

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2006

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tom 09

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nr 1

The influence of various concentrations of T-2 toxin on the growth ability and fermentation activity of brewing yeasts was examined. Four cultures of top and bottom fermenting yeast strains were maintained in YEPG medium containing T-2 toxin at the concentration of 2,5; 5; 10; 15; 20 i 50 μg·ml-1. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and biomass yield were determined. Concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 μg T-2·ml-1 were selected for the fermentation of malt wort. During top (20-22°C) and bottom fermentation (12-14°C), the following were examined: physiological condition of yeasts, fermentation dynamics and the degree of utilisation of amino acid nitrogen and the extract. It was observed that the presence of T-2 toxin in the medium resulted in lowered specific growth rate and biomass yield. T-2 toxin had an unfavourable influence on the physiological condition of yeasts and disrupted the mechanism of the intake of extract components, including amino acid nitrogen, which affected the dynamics of fermentation. Top fermenting yeasts, esp. S. cervisiae 46 strain, were more susceptible to T-2 toxin than bottom fermenting yeasts.

7

Indoor fungi and their ciliostatic metabolites

75%

Pieckova E., Kunova Z.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2002

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tom 09

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nr 1

8

Secondary metabolites as Co-markers in the taxonomy of Aspergilli

75%

Abu-Seidah A. A.

Acta Microbiologica Polonica

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2003

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tom 52

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nr 1

9

Effect of carbon source on the production of lytic enzymes by filamentous fungi of the Trichoderma genus

63%

Piegza M., Szlaczka K., Laba W., Witkowska D.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Biotechnology

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2014

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tom 17

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nr 2

10

Concept for development of expert computer program for identification of filamentous fungi

63%

Gutarowska B., Izdebski M.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2012

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tom 61

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nr 3

An expert program has been developed for users working in industrial laboratories who are not experts in the identification of filamentous fungi. !e database of morphological growth features currently contains 12 species from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium grown under standard conditions. !e identification algorithm implemented in the database takes into account the reliability of users, which can vary over a wide range depending on the identification feature. !e reliability of users was estimated on the basis of a questionnaire survey conducted among 27 non-experts, as the likelihood of a response consistent with the assessment of experts. The program works through comparative analysis of features of the fungus being identified with the expert-developed database and selection of the most likely species among the species represented by reference strains. !e expert program reduces subjective mistakes and may be extended to include further fungal species and genera; it can also be supplemented with chemotaxonomic, genetic and other data.

11

The effect of nanosilver on pigments production by Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc.

63%

Kasprowicz M. J., Gorczyca A., Frandsen R. J. N.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2013

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tom 62

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nr 4

A disk-diffusion method experiment assessed the impact of nanosilver on production of secondary metabolites (pigments) by the Fusarium culmorum fungus. Nanosilver colloidal particles in water have been obtained by the use of a method based on high voltage electric arcs between silver electrodes. The silver nanoparticles size in colloid ranged between 15 and 100 nm and 7, 35 and 70ppm concentration. Nanosilver modifies the metabolism of the researched F. culmorum strain. Coming into contact with nanosilver colloids induces more intensive mycelia pigmentation correlated with nanosilver concentration levels. The performed analysis of metabolites indicates that under the influence of nanosilver fungi biosynthesise aurofusarin more intensively and the conversion of rubrofusarin to aurofusarin is intensified as compared to the control culture. Under the influence of nanosilver F. culmorum intensively biosynthesises an unidentified dye which shares structural features with aurofusarin but which is not produced by fungi in standard cultures.

12

Biotransformation of [-]-menthol by spores of Mucor ramannianus and study of the pathways involved

63%

Esmaeili A., Saad N., Safaiyan S., Rustaiyan A.

Herba Polonica

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2009

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tom 55

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nr 2

51-58

The biotransformation of (–)–menthol by Mucor ramannianus was studied. It was carried out with sporulated surface cultures of Mucor ramannianus. The main bioconversion products obtained from (–)–menthol were trans-p-menthan-8-ol, trans-menth-2-en-1-ol, sabinane, pmenthane- 3,8-diol, isomenthol, and 1,8-cineole, also resulting in higher yields. Biotransformation with sporulated surface cultures was also monitored in Petri dishes and the same solid medium, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SD A), was used. In the solid agar medium inoculated with spores of Mucor ramannianus, first germination of the spores and then mycelial growth took place. After 1 week, the surfaces of Petri dishes were covered with spores and biotransformation reaction had started. However, there is no report on the biotransformation of (-)-menthol using Mucor ramannianus. Six isolates (93.6%) found Mucor ramannianus as a biocatalyst and biotransformation of (–)–menthol was investigated. The pathways involved in the biotransformation of (–)–menthol by two main products are also discussed.

13

Quantitative evaluation of Fusarium species and crop quality traits in wheat varieties of northeastern Poland

63%

Iwaniuk P., Konecki R., Snarska K., Lozowicka B.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2018

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tom 58

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nr 4

This research was conducted to investigate the natural, quantitative composition of the most common Fusarium species directly in fields of northeastern Poland. The concentration of Fusarium spp. and grain quality traits (yield, 1,000 kernel weight, test weight, grain moisture, ergosterol content, protein content, gluten content and starch content) were compared in four wheat varieties (Mandaryna, Struna, Kandela and Arabella). Obtained results indicated a relation between grain moisture, test weight, ergosterol content, yield and fungi concentration. Protein, starch and gluten content was similar in all wheat varieties. Fusarium culmorum was the most common pathogen in Mandaryna and Struna and F. graminearum in Kandela and Arabella. Fusarium avenaceum and F. poae occurred in low amounts in all wheat varieties except Mandaryna. Fusarium oxysporum was found in comparable concentrations in Struna, Kandela and Arabella. Struna despite medium Fusarium spp. colonization possessed the most desirable grain quality compared to other varieties. We carried out real-time PCR detection of Fusarium spp. which is an efficient, cost effective and time saving method in evaluating the development of fungal diseases which are not visible in standard observations.

14

New strains of filamentous fungi isolated from construction materials

63%

Kobialka N., Mularczyk M., Kosiorowska K., Pilarska K. M., Laba W., Piegza M., Robak M.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Biotechnology

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2019

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tom 22

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nr 1

15

Distribution and abundance of microflora in sandy beaches on the Southern coast of the Baltic Sea

63%

Mudryk Z. J., Perlinski P., Skorczewski P., Wielgat M., Zdanowicz M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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tom 42

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nr 3

16

Assessment polylactide foil degradation as a result of filamentous fungi activity

63%

Szumigaj J., Zakowska Z., Klimek L., Rosicka-Kaczmarek J., Bartkowiak A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2008

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tom 17

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nr 3

355-341

Degree of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) foil degradation by the filamentous fungi i.e. Aspergillus ustus, A. sydowii, A. fumigatus, Paecilomyces lilicanus and Penicillium verrucosum has been investigated. A degradation process has been conducted in dynamic conditions at 30°C for 10 days in a medium containing 0.1% of foil as carbon source. To activate the enzymes involved in the poly (lactic acid) foil degradation, triple passaging on the medium has been conducted. Each passage lasted 10 days. After passages, increase of the mycelium biomass, its enzymatic activity and structural foil changes have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Strain passaging has resulted in the activation of the enzymes of the esterase group responsible for foil degradation, expressing itself in the mycelium biomass increase. Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillus ustus appeared to be the most active strains. Structural and thermal changes of the material have been demonstrated. Filamentous fungi have a wide range of enzymes of the esterase group which, following initial activation, may actively participate in PLA foil degradation.

17

Comparison of different strains of Aspergillus niger for oxalic acid production from lipid substrates

63%

Rymowicz W., Lenart D.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Biotechnology

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2004

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tom 07

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nr 2

18

Mycological analysis of cereal samples and screening of Fusarium strains' ability to form deoxynivalenole [DON] and zearalenone [ZEA] mycotoxins - a pilot study

63%

Klyszejko A., Kubus Z., Zakowska Z.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2005

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tom 54

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nr Suppl.

Filamentous fungi are cosmopolitan microorganisms found in almost all environments. It should be pointed out that occurance of moulds on food or feed may cause health disorders in humans and animals. Mycoflora appears as a source of toxic methabolites, mycotoxins, which hepatotoxic, genotoxic, nefrotoxic and carcinogenic abilities were already proven in several studies. Hense mycological analysis of cereal grains raises as an important manner in evaluation of food and feed health features. Among the most frequent cereal contaminants Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium strains are mentioned. Due to their ability to grow on cereals during both its field growth and storage, Fusarium moulds occure to be an important contamination factors in food and feed industry. In this study Fusarium strains isolates from wheat and maize were examined in order to recognize their abilities to produce two toxins: zearalenon (ZEA) and deoxynivalenole (DON). Mycological analysis shown differentiation within fungal microflora occuring in samples of different storage conditions, where Fusarium strains represented aproximately 20-70% of all mould species present. In purpose of Fusarium strains species evaluation, isolates were mycologically analysed. In the second step of the project, toxicological screening of isolates was performed using Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) evaluating toxigenic potential of single strains' production of ZEA and DON. This data gives the possibility of pointing the most toxigenic strains and also shows differentiations in their occurance in cereals. This paper presents introductory research data, which can be useful in recognition of cereal contamination with moulds and their toxic methabolites.

19

Protein production and secretion in an Aspergillus nidulans mutant impaired in glycosylation

63%

Perlinska-Lenart U., Kurzatkowski W., Janas P., Kopinska A., Palamarczyk G., Kruszewska J. S.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2005

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tom 52

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nr 1

O-glycosylation has been considered a limiting factor in protein secretion in filamentous fungi. Overexpression of the yeast DPM1 gene encoding dolichylphosphate mannose synthase (DPMS) in an Aspergillus nidulans mutant (BWB26A) deficient in O-glycosylation caused an increase in the number of secretory vesicles and changes in protein secretion. However, the secretory proteins, primarily O-mannosylated glucoamylase and N-glycosylated invertase, were mainly trapped in the periplasmic space. Different glycoforms of invertase were found insite the cells, in the periplasmic space and in the cultivation medium. Our data point to the importance of the cell wall as a barrier in protein secretion.

20

Physico-chemical parameters and heterotrophic microorganisms of underground waters of Omulewskie Reservoir aquifers in the Mazurian Lake District

63%

Kochanska E., Niewolak S.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1997

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tom 06

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nr 1

This work presents the results of research on physico-chemical and microbiological amounts of heterotrophic bacteria, Actinomycetes, filamentous and yeast fungi in underground waters of aquifers of Omulewskie Reservoir in the Mazurian Lake District in 1989-1992/1993. The examination included water from 11 wells (20-64 m) and 3 piezometric bore-holes (6.5-23.5 m) on woodland (control well), managed by individual farmers and on large farms. Colour of water, pH, dry mass, and total hardness of the examined water samples did not exceed the values accepted for natural hydrochemical background. Electrolytic conductivity rarely exceeded 400 μS/cm. The concentration of the main cations and anions classifies the waters of the examined wells into four types: 1. carbonate-calcium-magnesium; 2. carbonate-calcium; 3. carbonate-chloride-calcium and 4. carbonate-calcium-sulphate. The concentration of oxygen was the lowest in the water from wells situated on large farms, the highest on the area of woodland; on the contrary BOD5. Oxidability only in the water of the wells on the woodland area was the same as the values accepted for the natural hydrochemical background. The amount of total nitrogen was the lowest in the water from the wells situated on large farms and it was correlated with respectively low or high amounts of total phosphorus. The amount of iron reached higher values only in the water of some wells on the area of large farms. Heterotrophic bacteria with higher optimal temperatures and oligotrophic bacteria were the most numerous among heterotrophic microorganisms. Actinomycetes and filamentous fungi were rare and in minimal quantities. There were more yeast fungi, especially those which did not produce carotenoid dyes.

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