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In the years 1992-94 studies were carried out on the occurrence of the broad bean weevil at the broad bean plantations and evaluation of the effect of insecticidal seed dressings upon this pest. The first beetles of the broad bean weevil begin their flight over the plantation before plant flowering (the 3rd decade of May, the 1st decade of June). A maximum of the laid out eggs was noted in the 2nd and 3rd decades of July. The best effects of the pest control were obtained by applying the insecticidal seed dressing Gaucho 350 FS-and by spraying plants at the pod setting phase with insecticide Karate 025 EC. The performed treatments reduced the seed damage of field bean by, on average, 16.6% and increased the yield by, on average, 0,62 t per ha.
The paper suggests some indicators for the application of spatial methods in field experimentation. The indicators were based on the data from two field-breeding experiments with pea and field bean. Partially balanced square lattice designs were applied. The Smith’s index of soil heterogeneity b, chemical properties of the soil e.g. pH, Mg, P and K contents as well as data obtained from check plots sown with a single variety were used to evaluate spatial variation across the experiments. The Smith’s index of soil variability b showed a potential as a convenient tool to assess the purposefulness of background variation analysis by applying spatial methods. When b<0.6 one can expect a significantly increased efficiency of the experiment. Therefore the application of the nearest neighbour analysis or kriging to the data obtained from a net of check plots can produce the concomitant variable which can reduce the experimental error effectively.
The experiment was carried out according to additive design to study shoot and root competition between spring triticale and field bean during early stages of plant growth. It was conducted in plastic boxes 76 cm long, 15 cm wide and 15 cm deep, filled with 16 kg of aerial dry alluvial sandy loam soil, containing 15-20% of silt. The soil was classified as good rye agricultural suitability complex. Appropriate arrangement of boxes and aboveground aluminium foil partitions allowed separating four competition treatments: no competition, shoot, root and shoot + root competition. The results of the experiment showed that at the beginning of species interaction in triticale-field bean intercrop system, root competition is more intense than shoot competition. Triticale outcompeted field bean when crops interacted with their roots, but when only shoots competed, field bean tended to be the dominant species. The study presented did not show definitely that cereal is better competitor than legume during early stages of plant growth.
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