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1

Gender differences in the Achilles tendon load during the fencing lunge

100%
Sinclair J. K., Bottoms L.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
|
2014
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tom 06
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nr 3
Background: Recent epidemiological analyses in fencing have shown that injuries and pain linked specifically to fencing training/competition were evident in 92.8% of fencers. Specifically the prevalence of Achilles tendon pathology has increased substantially in recent years, and males have been identified as being at greater risk of Achilles tendon injury compared to their female counterparts. This study aimed to examine gender differences in Achilles tendon loading during the fencing lunge. Material/Methods: Achilles tendon load was obtained from eight male and eight female club level epee fencers using a 3D motion capture system and force platform information as they completed simulated lunges. Independent t-tests were performed on the data to determine whether differences existed. Results: The results show that males were associated with significantly greater Achilles tendon loading rates in comparison to females. Conclusions: This suggests that male fencers may be at greater risk from Achilles tendon pathology as a function of fencing training/ competition.
2

Domenico Angelo - a great fencing master of the 18th century and champion of the sport of fencing

86%
Czajkowski Z.
Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism
|
2010
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tom 17
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nr 4
3

The essence and importance of sense of timing in fencing

86%
Czajkowski Z.
Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism
|
2009
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tom 16
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nr 3
4

Tactics in fencing - preparatory actions

86%
Czajkowski Z.
Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism
|
2009
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tom 16
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nr 4
5
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Content available

The influence of three-year symmetrical training on the precision and frequency of the fencers’ movement

86%
Johne M.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2023
|
tom 41
|
nr 01
6

Plant traits response to grazing exclusion by fencing assessed via multiple classification approach: a case from a subalpine meadow

72%
Li W. J., Liu S. S., Li J. H., Zhang R. L., Rang K. Z. C., Zhou H. K., Yao B. Q., Wang J. F.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2019
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tom 67
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nr 1
Using multiple classification approach to examine plant traits response to grazing and fencing (as without access to grazing) is rare. Here we used multiple classification approach to examine plant diversity, productivity and species traits response to grazing and fencing over a three-year period on the eastern part of the Qing-Hai Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that most common species response to the fence was poorly noticeable. The fencing meadows compared to those under long-term free grazing are characterized by significantly higher total species richness, but species richness declined with sampling years gradually, regardless of grazing or fencing. The correlation showed that species richness was negatively associated with mean annual temperature significantly, suggesting that abiotic factors (e.g. annual temperature) could also play important roles in driving species richness in this subalpine meadow. Total aboveground biomass was not associated with mean annual temperature and rainfall. The fencing meadow demonstrated higher community aboveground biomass relative to the grazing ones, especially the abundance of legume and graminoids increased, while the proportions of sedge decreased, suggested that grazing disturbance favours the increase of reproductive success of sedge (e.g. Kobresia humilis) in this subalpine meadow. Growth form-based analyses combined with canopy height categories should be recommended to reveal general rules and mechanisms relating to grazing.
7

Spatial heterogeneity of soil seed banks in sandy grasslands under fencing and grazing in Horqin sandland, Northern China

72%
Zuo X., Zhao X., Zhao H., Zhang T., Wang S., Knops J., Kochsiek A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2013
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tom 61
|
nr 2
Understanding composition, structure and spatial heterogeneity in soil seed banks is important for the management of grassland ecosystem. Although the effect of fencing and grazing on vegetation composition is widely known, information on species composition, seed density and spatial heterogeneity of soil seed banks in sandy grasslands under fencing and grazing is still lacking. We measured the species composition and seed density of soil seed banks in fenced grassland, grazed grassland and grazed shrubby grassland in Horqin Sand Land, Northern China. By applying the geostatistical methods, we assessed how fencing and grazing affected spatial heterogeneity of soil seed banks in sandy grasslands. Total seed density and species richness in soil seed banks were lower in fenced grassland than in either grazed grassland or grazed shrubby grassland. Seed density and species richness of annual species in soil seed banks were also lower in fenced grassland than in either grazed grassland or grazed shrubby grassland, while those of perennial species showed a reverse trend. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation ranges, fractal dimensions and distribution pattern maps from geostatistical methods showed that spatial heterogeneity of seed density and species richness in soil seed banks were also lower in fenced grassland than in either grazed grassland or grazed shrubby grassland. Continuous fencing increases the seed density and species richness of perennial species in soil seed banks, as well as results in a decrease in spatial heterogeneity of seed density and species richness in soil seed banks. So, continuous fencing should be considered to restore the degraded sandy grasslands in management of semiarid grassland ecosystems.
8

Coach’s work, knowledge, skills and personality

72%
Czajkowski Z.
Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism
|
2010
|
tom 17
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nr 2
9

Sensory-motor responses in fencing

72%
Czajkowski Z.
Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism
|
2011
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tom 18
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nr 2
10

Effects of litter accumulation on plant communities in fenced desert steppe

72%
Li X., Liu B., Chen L., Song N.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2015
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tom 63
|
nr 3
The litter decomposition plays an important role in nutrient circle of grassland ecosystem, the water holding ability of litter and physical and chemical characteristics have been studied exclusively over the past century. However, the effect of litter accumulation on plant community in desert steppe under fenced condition was little known. In this study, four typical plant communities were employed to identify the effects of litter accumulation on plant communities. The results showed the trend of litter accumulation amount in the four different types of plant communities was best represented by Birk model. The accumulation of litter had different effects on the number of seedlings. When litter accumulation reached 300–400 g cm⁻², green-up dates advance 7 days. The amount of seedling germination and the number of plant species reached a peak. Meanwhile, plant density, coverage, average height, richness, and evenness reached maximum values. It was concluded that when opposite fencing time was about 6 years, and the optimum amount of litter accumulation was about 300–400 g cm⁻², which could advance the green-up dates and increase the number of plant seedlings, and also improve or maintain community stability. Such a notion has to be taken into account for the development of an improved policy for environmental management in desert steppe.
11
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Women’s World Games (1922–1934)

72%
Drozdek-Malolepsza T.
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna
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2014
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tom 13
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nr 1
After the World War I, women took action to have broader rights to do sports and participate in the Olympics. In 1921 they established International Women’s Sports Federation. On the initiative of International Women’s Sports Federation the first Women’s Olympic Games were held in Paris in 1922. The next ones – under the name of Women's World Games – were held in 1926 (Gothenburg), in 1930 (Prague) and in 1934 (London). The greatest achievement of the Women’s World Games was promoting women’s sports and obtaining the consent of the International Olympic Committee for inclusion of track and field events for women in the programme of the Olympic Games. The programme of the Women’s World Games consisted of the following disciplines: sports games (Czech handball, basketball, volleyball, handball), athletics and fencing. In the 1922 competition sportswomen from the following 5 countries participated: Czechoslovakia, France, Switzerland, the USA and the United Kingdom. In the next – Women’s World Games – the participation of countries and athletes was on the increase. In team classification of the Women’s World Games, the best national teams included those of: France, Germany, Poland, Sweden, the USA and the United Kingdom.
12

Jakosciowy sposob zywienia dzieci i mlodziezy uprawiajacych szermierke. Cz.III. Kryteria doboru diety

44%
Radzimirska-Graczyk M., Chalcarz W.
Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna
|
2008
|
tom 41
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nr 3
930-934
13
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Jakosciowy sposob zywienia dzieci i mlodziezy uprawiajacych szermierke. Czesc II. Przerwy miedzy posilkami, charakterystyka dojadania

44%
Chalcarz W., Radzimirska-Graczyk M.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
|
2010
|
tom 61
|
nr 1
71-74
Celem pracy była ocena czasu trwania najdłuższej przerwy między posiłkami, najadania się do syta i dojadania w dni beztreningowe i treningowe przez dzieci i młodzież z klas sportowych. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzono na 141-osobowej grupie dzieci i młodzieży trenujących szermierkę w klasach sportowych w szkole podstawowej i w gimnazjum. Przy pomocy programu komputerowego SPSS 12.0 PL for Windows analizowano wpływ płci i wieku uczniów na czas trwania najdłuższej przerwy między posiłkami, najadanie się do syta i dojadanie w dni beztreningowe i treningowe przez dzieci i młodzież z klas sportowych. Stwierdzono statystycznie istotny wpływ płci i wieku uczniów na czas trwania najdłuższej przerwy między posiłkami, najadanie się do syta, dojadanie warzyw, wędlin, słodyczy i picie napojów energetycznych między głównymi posiłkami. Potwierdzono powszechność dojadania między głównymi posiłkami i zróżnicowanie w asortymencie spożywanych produktów między dziewczętami i chłopcami polegające na tym, że dziewczęta w wyższym odsetku dojadały owoce i warzywa, a chłopcy pieczywo z dodatkami niezależnie od tego czy były to dni treningowe czy beztreningowe
14

Jakosciowy sposob zywienia dzieci i mlodziezy uprawiajacych szermierke. Cz.IV. Samodzielnosc przygotowywania posilkow

44%
Chalcarz W., Radzimirska-Graczyk M.
Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna
|
2008
|
tom 41
|
nr 3
935-939
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