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The experimental materials comprised 400 Ross 308 chickens (200 ♂ and 200 ♀), divided randomly into four groups kept in 16 pens, as follows: a negative control group (I) – a diet without additives, a positive control group (II) – a diet supplemented with a combination of the antibiotic growth promoter flavomycin (10 mg kg⁻¹ feed) and the coccidiostat robenidine (500 mg kg⁻¹ starter and grower feed), and two experimental groups – diets supplemented with chemically standardized propolis – 10 mg kg⁻¹ feed in group 3 and 50 mg kg⁻¹ feed in group IV. The body weights of chickens were determined once a week. Feed intake, mortality and culling rates were monitored regularly. At the end of the experiment, on day 42, 12 chickens (6 ♂ and 6 ♀) were selected from each group for slaughter and carcass quality analysis. The final body weights of chickens, feed intake (kg) per kg body weight and carcass weight during the rearing period did not differ significantly between groups. The lowest feed intake per kg lean meat was noted in chickens fed a diet with 50 mg propolis/kg feed (3.457 kg), and the highest – in broilers fed a diet with 10 mg propolis/kg feed (3.611 kg). The weight of carcass and selected carcass parts (neck, breast, legs) tended to increase in chickens that received propolis, although the noted differences were statistically non-significant. The percentage content of legs in the carcass was significantly lower in chickens fed a diet with an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). The legs of chickens fed 50 mg propolis had a significantly higher muscle content and a lower fat content, compared with the legs of birds fed a diet with AGP.
The aim of the current study was to provide the updated knowledge about the influence of supplementation of pig diets with oil plants on the quality and nutritive value of pork meat. The use of feed rich in PUFAs in pig diet including plant oils, such as linseed, rapeseed or sunflower is beneficial for consumers health since these acids improve the dietetic value of meat. They especially increase the proportions of n-3 fatty acids like linolenic acid in pig muscle, but don't influence the proportion of DHA and EPA. Among oil plants especially the use of linseed in pig diet seems to be a good source of n-3 PUFA, due to its nutritive, economic and technical sustainability as well as ALA content (50% of fatty acids). However, a higher share of PUFAs has a negative influence on technological properties of pork meat and its oxidative stability, as well as sensory characteristics. Thus, the use of antioxidants in the pig diet including vitamins A, C, E and selenium can reduce the formation of initiating lipid radicals and protect the unsaturated fatty acids in pork from an increased lipid oxidation.
The aim of these investigations was to determine the influence of garlic powder additives on gains, feed intake and conversion, and some biochemical blood parameters of piglets. The investigations were carried out on 419 piglets from 36 sows, assigned randomly to 6 groups. The piglets of group I received the basal diets without antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) and group II received the basal diets with AGP additive. The animals of experimental groups (III VI) received the same diets as group I, but supplemented with lyophilized garlic powder in doses of 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 or 10.0 g per kg diet in groups III VI, respectively. Piglets were weaned at 28 days of age. From the second week of age until 28th day after weaning, the piglets were fed a commercial Prestarter mixture ad libitum. Body weight was measured individually at birth, at the weaning period, and at the end of the trial (56th day of life). Feed intake by piglets was recorded weekly for litters in each pen. Blood samples were collected at weaning (28 th day) and on day 56 after birth, and contents of protein, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen were determined. The garlic bulbs and garlic powder were analyzed for alliin and allicin concentrations. Powder from lyophilized garlic clover additive, especially in 5 or 10 g/kg mixtures, may constitute a recommended dietary component for raising piglets up to 56 days of life. This procedure, an alternative for AGP use, improves body weight gains, decreases piglet losses as well as triglycerides and total cholesterol concentration in blood plasma.
The studies determined the effect of carp feeds supplemented with the probiotic preparation BIOSAF, a concentrate of live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Sc 47, on the growth and food conversion ratio of carp juveniles. Four types of granulated experimental feeds were prepared; three contained different quantities of the BIOSAF probiotic (B1 - 0.5 g kg⁻¹; B2 - 1.0 g kg⁻¹; B3 - 1.5 g kg⁻¹) and one was control feed K - without any probiotic. The added weight values of the probiotic were converted into colony forming units (CFU) of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and were 4, 8, and 12 x 10⁹ CFU, respectively, per kilogram of feed. During the 50-day growth test, the fish receiving feeds supplemented with the probiotic had significantly higher mean individual body weight (P ≤ 0.05) in comparison with the fish from the control group. The minimal value of specific growth rate throughout the test (1.98% d⁻¹) was attained by fish fed control feed K, while the maximal value (2.45% d⁻¹) was recorded in the B2 variant; the differences were statistically significant. The most favorable values of food conversion and protein efficiency ratio were noted in the B2 feed. The differences were statistically different in comparison with the remaining feed types. No fish losses were recorded during the growth test. The type of feed had an impact on the contents of protein and fat in the fish bodies, but it did not cause any changes in dry mass or ash.
The influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (CLAmix) and/or Se as Na2SeO3 (SeIV) or selenized yeast (SeY) on the relative body weight gain (RBWG) of rats, pancreas weight, concentrations of CLA isomers and of other fatty acids (FA) in the pancreas were studied. For 6 weeks, female Wistar rats (aged 8 weeks) were fed ad libitum the Labofeed H diet enriched in 1.5% CLAmix, 0.2 ppm Se (LSe), 0.5 ppm Se (HSe) as SeIV (i.e. LSeIV or HSeIV, respectively), or SeY (i.e. LSeY or HSeY, respectively). Each group contained eight rats. The results documented that dietary LSeIV and CLAmix most effectively increased the RBWG of rats and feed conversion efficiency, while the diet with HSeIV most efficiently increased pancreas weight compared with the control rats. The diets enriched in CLAmix and Se as SeIV or SeY increased the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA), the atherogenic SFA, A-SFA index, thrombogenic SFA (T-SFA), and the T-SFA index in the pancreas of rats compared with the control group. The diets containing CLAmix and Se as SeIV or SeY stimulated the accumulation of cis9trans11CLA, trans10cis12CLA, as well as the sum of all CLA isomers in the pancreas compared with rats fed the diet enriched in CLAmix. These diets increased the concentration of n-6 polyunsaturated FA (n-6 PUFA) and decreased the level of long-chain n-6 PUFA (Ln-6 PUFA) in the pancreas compared with the control rats and rats fed the diets with SeIV or SeY. The diets containing CLAmix and Se (as SeIV or SeY) increased the concentration of n-3 PUFA and Ln-3 PUFA in the pancreas compared with the control rats. Our study findings documenting that dietary Se and/or CLAmix and Se (as SeIV or SeY) considerably increased the concentration of PUFA, especially n-3 PUFA, improved the n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio in the pancreas are valuable information for scientists carrying out research to improve animal and human health.
Present experiment was performed to study the effects of Echinacea purpurea (EP) and Nigella sativa (NS) on broiler performance, carcass and meat quality. Four treatment combinations were prepared: C - control group without any feed or water additive; E - drinking water intermittently supplemented with fermented juice of EP; N - feed supplemented with grounded seeds of NS, and EN - drinking water intermittently supplemented with EP and feed supplemented with NS. No significant treatment effect was observed on weight gain, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat percentage. Carcass yield in C and N groups was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in E. Significantly (P<0.05) higher breast percentage in group N was observed. Crude protein contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher in meat samples of C and EN groups. Grill losses were significantly (P<0.05) lower in E and cooking losses were significantly (P<0.05) higher in N treated birds. No significant treatment effect was observed on meat colour, electrical conductivity and shear force value.
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